Browsing by Author "Akyoo, A. M."
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Item Agricultural production risks, coping mechanisms and potential for crop insurance in Tanzania(2013 Time Journals) Akyoo, A. M.; Temu, A. E.; Hella, J. P.Item Analysis of marketing performance of the dairy value chain in Tanga city, Tanzania(AJOL) Ibrahim, A. W.; Akyoo, A. M.; Kanuya, N. L.Item Analysis of marketing performance of the dairy value chain in Tanga city, Tanzania(AJOL, 2018) Ibrahim, A. W.; Akyoo, A. M.; Kanuya, N. L.This study was conducted in Tanga city with the general purpose of analyzing market performance of dairy value chain and specifically to quantify and assess production costs of raw milk and to characterize the market structure, conduct and performance of the milk market. A formal survey was carried out to a random sample of 80 smallholder farmers and 30 milk traders using a questionnaire. Two processors were interviewed using a checklist. Accounting method was used to quantify milk dairy farmers’ production costs whereas dairy market performance was descriptively analyzed within the framework of the Structure-Conduct-Performance (S-C-P) market model. Gross profit margins for the major players (producers, traders and processors) at specific nodes along the dairy value chain were calculated. The average unit cost of production was found to be TSh 550 per litre of raw milk with contributions from labour (45.7%), feeds (19.4%) and dairy operations (e.g. veterinary services) (34.9%). The average production cost per litre (TSh 550) and farm gate price per litre (TSh 580) of raw milk were found to be statistically different at p≤ 0.05 level of significance indicating cost effectiveness of going producer price. Smallholder dairy farmers received gross profit margins of 5.2% and 21.4% in the formal and informal channels respectively while processors and vendors received gross profit margins of 18.8% and 36.1% per litre of milk respectively. Milk traders received higher Gross Profit Margin (GPM) because they sold their milk in informal chains which offer relatively higher prices. Low price for raw milk and limited bargaining power of Tanga Dairy Cooperative Union (TDCU) were revealed as barriers to dairy development in the City. It is recommended that a liberalized marketing system in price setting strategy and producers’ training on production techniques that will improve dairy productivity in the study area.Item Awareness and compliance with feed quality standards: the case of chicken feeds in Tanzania(Emerald) Longo, J. A.; Akyoo, A. M.; Sørensen, O. J.Item Chain governance in urban dairying in Tanzania: a cross- learning study on value chain development(International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS)) Akyoo, A. M.; Makoye, G. R.; Fredy Timothy Mlyavidoga Kilima, F. T. M.; Coles, C. F.; Nombo, C.; Mvena, Z. S. K.; Ngetti, M.Item Chain governance in urban dairying in Tanzania: a cross- learning study on value chain development(International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science (IJLRHSS), 2011) Akyoo, A. M.; Makoye, G. R.; Fredy Timothy Mlyavidoga Kilima, F. T. M.; Coles, C. F.; Nombo, C.; Mvena, Z. S. K.; Ngetti, M.Tanga city is the most unlikely location to have the most evolved urban milk value chain in Tanzania, being the most North-easterly coastal metropolis in the country, especially when contrasted with an urban milk value chain in cooler environments like Iringa Municipality in the Southern highlands. This is a paradox that has attracted many interests to unravel including this study. Presence of persevering and unrelenting champions has been the cornerstone for achieving this high level of organization on the value chain. The spontaneous upgrading has seen development of a cooperative model that integrates milk production, processing and marketing into a one whole competitive and efficient value chain. These are the qualities that elude the milk value chain in Iringa Municipality. The market concentration figures on Tanga may not be interpreted at face value given the cooperative procurement model which is coordinated under a quasi-vertical integration governance arrangement. Sustainability prospects of both value chains are however challenged by town/city and urban agriculture development policies/regulations that are moving in different directions. Multi-stakeholder initiatives are necessary to address outstanding challenges threatening the industry in Tanga for the sake of city revenue, livelihoods of communities and country development at large.Item Challenges of value chain development: experiences from milk production and marketing in Iringa municipality and Tanga cityKilima, F. T. M; Mvena, Z. S. K.; Ngetti, M.; Coles, C. F.; Akyoo, A. M.; Nombo, C.Item Challenges of value chain development: experiences from milk production and marketing in Iringa municipality and Tanga city(2015-06) Kilima, F. T. M; Mvena, Z. S. K.; Ngetti, M.; Coles, C. F.; Akyoo, A. M.; Nombo, C.The project focused on milk value chains in Iringa Municipality and Tanga City with a view to draw specific impacts of urban dairy farming on income and poverty levels. These towns represent two distinct milk collection and marketing arrangements. Milk marketing in Iringa Municipality is generally through informal' outlets. In contrast, milk from farmers in Tanga is pooled for sale to processors including (M/s Tanga Fresh Ltd) and Ammy Dairies. The two cases describe similar market arrangements also found elsewhere in Tanzania.Item Gliricidia agroforestry technology adoption potential in selected dryland areas of Dodoma region, Tanzania(MDPI) Swamila, M.; Philip, D.; Akyoo, A. M.; Sieber, S.; Bekunda, M.; Kimaro, A. A.Item Gliricidia agroforestry technology adoption potential in selected dryland areas of Dodoma region, Tanzania(MDPI, 2020-07-20) Swamila, M.; Philip, D.; Akyoo, A. M.; Sieber, S.; Bekunda, M.; Kimaro, A. A.Declining soil fertility is one of the major problems facing producers of field crops in most dryland areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. In response to the declining soil fertility, extensive participatory research has been undertaken by the World Agroforestry (ICRAF) and smallholder farmers in Dodoma region, Tanzania. The research has, amongst others, led to the development of Gliricidia agroforestry technology. The positive impact of Gliricidia intercropping on crop yields has been established. However, information on farmers’ willingness and ability to adopt the Gliricidia agroforestry technology on their farms is limited. This study predicts the adoption of Gliricidia agroforestry and conventional mineral fertilizer use technology. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with groups of farmers, purposively selected based on five sets of criteria: (i) at least 2 years of experience in either trying or using Gliricidia agroforestry technology, (ii) at least 1 year of experience in either trying or using the mineral fertilizer technology (iii) at least 10 years of living in the study villages, (iv) the age of 18 years and above, and (v) sex. The Adoption and Diffusion Outcome Prediction Tool (ADOPT) was used to predict the peak adoption levels and the respective time in years. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the effect of change in adoption variables on predicted peak adoption levels and time to peak adoption. The results revealed variations in peak adoption levels with Gliricidia agroforestry technology exhibiting the highest peak of 67.6% in 12 years, and that the most influential variable to the peak adoption is the upfront cost of investing in Gliricidia agroforestry and fertilizer technologies. However, in Gliricidia agroforestry technology most production costs are incurred in the first year of project establishment but impact the long term biophysical and economic benefits. Moreover, farmers practicing agroforestry technology accrue environmental benefits, such as soil erosion control. Based on the results, it is plausible to argue that Gliricidia agroforestry technology has a high adoption potential and its adoption is influenced by investment costs. We recommend two actions to attract smallholder farmers investing in agroforestry technologies. First, enhancing farmers’ access to inputs at affordable prices. Second, raising farmers’ awareness of the long-term environmental benefits of Gliricidia agroforestry technology.Item Implication of quality uncertainty on market exchange: The case of seed industry in Kilolo district, Tanzania. [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review](Emerald, 2020) Saadan, A. E.; Akyoo, A. M.An increasing demand of agricultural intensification and value addition necessitates the use of improved inputs such as improved seed. Smallholder farmers contribute about 70 % of agricultural production in Tanzania. Agriculture sector in Tanzania contributes about 24.1 % of the GDP, 30 % of exports and 65% of industrial raw materials. Thus, agriculture development, economic growth and industrialization are inseparable. Due to the nature of the product, smallholder farmers cannot judge the overall excellence of seed at the time of buying. This paper assessed quality uncertainty in maize and vegetable seed and its implication for market exchange between farmers and seed sellers in Kilolo district, Iringa Tanzania. The study used a random sample of 130 smallholder farmers and representatives from ten seed companies. Asymmetric information prevails between the two trading sides i.e. sellers and buyers. Moreover, product augmentation is profoundly overlooked whereby most of seed companies have not augmented their products. Despite that genetic and environmental interaction sways crop performance, the paper offers a thorough deduction of the results and its implication on market exchange. This paper adds information in the body of knowledge on how an improved seed can intensify upsurge production of food and industrial raw materials, which is a step towards desired industrialization agenda in Tanzania.Item Rural finance challenges in Tanzania – the case of Kibaigwa Financial Services and Credit Cooperative Society (KIFISACCOS) in Kongwa District(Business Minds Africa) Karumuna, L.; Akyoo, A. M.Item Technology transfer and farm-based renewable energy sources: the potential of biogas technology for rural development in Tanzania(Sassi Maria ed. Pavia -IT) Kileo, J. O.; Akyoo, A. M.Item The efficiency of robusta coffee marketing channels in Karagwe District, Tanzania(2013 Time Journals) Gilbert, J. N.; Akyoo, A. M.Item The efficiency of robusta coffee marketing channels in Karagwe District, Tanzania(2013 Time Journals, 2016) Gilbert, J. N.; Akyoo, A. M.T he study assesses ed the marketing efficiency of Robusta coffee under different supply channels in Karagwe district of Tanzania. C ross sectional research design as well as purposive, simple random and snow ball sampling techniques were used . Primary data were collected from 120 smallholder coffee farmers, 12 village traders and 8 key informants using semi structured questionnaire and key informants interview schedules S econdary data were collected fro m relevant coffee authorities’ records and reports. Various empirical approaches in evaluating coffee marketing efficiency were applied including: assessment of marketing information system, barriers of entry into coffee market, marketing channels’ costs a nd margins, conventional (simplified) marketing efficiency method and market concentration ratio measures. F armers selling coffee to un registered village buyers had the lowest marketing margins of 90.37% compared to those selling coff ee to registered priv ate buyers with 93.20% and 92.90% for Rural Co operative Societies. T he results from calculated market concentration ratios were 87.5% and 90.3% and the Herfindahl Hirschman Index of 0.29 which denotes that the coffee market is highly concentrated on few bu yers who control the price . Market information system was found to be asymmetric and the existence of bureaucratic coffee buying licensing system was also prevalent in the area It was concluded th at coffee marketing system in Karagwe district was ineffic ient thus reviewing the existing bureaucratic licensing system, dissemination of coffee marketing information through radios and mobile phones, restructuring of cooperative societies, introduction of formal credit facilities, and the establishment of more rural coffee buying posts to reduce transportation costs are recommended.