Browsing by Author "Lankester, F."

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A field vaccine trial in Tanzania demonstrates partial protection against malignant catarrhal fever in cattle
(ELSEVIER) Lankester, F.; Russell, G. C.; Lugelo, A.; Ndabigaye, A.; Mnyambwa, N.; Keyyu, J.; Kazwala, R. R.; Grant, D; Percival, A.; Deane, D.; Haig, D. M.; Cleaveland, S.
A field vaccine trial in Tanzania demonstrates partial protection against malignant catarrhal fever in cattle
(ELSEVIER, 2015) Lankester, F.; Russell, G. C.; Lugelo, A.; Ndabigaye, A.; Mnyambwa, N.; Keyyu, J.; Kazwala, R. R.; Grant, D; Percival, A.; Deane, D.; Haig, D. M.; Cleaveland, S.
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal lymphoproliferative disease of cattle that, in East Africa, results from transmission of the causative virus, alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1), from wildebeest. A vaccine field trial involving an attenuated AlHV-1 virus vaccine was performed over two wildebeest calving seasons on the Simanjiro Plain of northern Tanzania. Each of the two phases of the field trial consisted of groups of 50 vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle, which were subsequently exposed to AlHV-1 challenge by herding toward wildebeest. Vaccination resulted in the induction of virus-specific and virus-neutralizing antibodies. Some cattle in the unvaccinated groups also developed virus-specific antibody responses but only after the start of the challenge phase of the trial. PCR of DNA from blood samples detected AlHV-1 infection in both groups of cattle but the frequency of infection was significantly lower in the vaccinated groups. Some infected animals showed clinical signs suggestive of MCF but few animals went on to develop fatal MCF, with similar numbers in vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. This study demonstrated a baseline level of MCF-seropositivity among cattle in northern Tanzania of 1% and showed that AlHV-1 virus-neutralizing antibodies could be induced in Tanzanian zebu shorthorn cross cattle by our attenuated vaccine, a correlate of protection in previous experimental trials. The vaccine reduced infection rates by 56% in cattle exposed to wildebeest but protection from fatal MCF could not be determined due to the low number of fatal cases.
Alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (Malignant Catarrhal Fever Virus) in wildebeest placenta: Genetic variation of ORF50 and A9.5 alleles
(PLoS ONE) Lankester, F.; Lugelo, A.; Mnyambwa, N.; Ndabigaye, A.; Keyyu, J.; Kazwala, R. R.; Grant, D. M.; Relf, V.; Haig, D. M.; Cleaveland, S.; Russell, G. C.
One Health: A concept led by Africa, with global benefits
(Veterinary Record) Kamani, T. M.; Kazwala, R. R.; Mfinanga, S.; Haydon, D.; Keyyu, J.; Lankester, F.; Buza, J.
One Health: A concept led by Africa, with global benefits
(Veterinary Record, 2015-05-09) Kamani, T. M.; Kazwala, R. R.; Mfinanga, S.; Haydon, D.; Keyyu, J.; Lankester, F.; Buza, J.
One Health evolved from the recognition that an interdisciplinary approach is required to understand complex health problems, and that the health of humans and animals are inextricably linked. Through closer cooperation between the human, veterinary and environmental health sectors, added value, in terms of health metrics, cost savings and environmental services is achievable. Although the One Health concept has been recognised for many years, particularly since the seminal work of Calvin Schwabe (Schwabe 1984), many challenges remain in making it operational.
The efficacy of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) immunization with the adjuvants Emulsigen and the monomeric TLR5 ligand FliC in zebu cattle against AlHV-1 malignant catarrhal fever induced by experimental virus challenge
(Veterinary Microbiology) Lankester, F.; Lugelo, A.; Werling, D.; Mnyambwa, N.; Keyyu, J.; Kazwala, R.; Grant, D.; Smith, S.; Parameswaran, N.; Cleaveland, S.; Russell, G.; Haig, D.
The efficacy of alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 (AlHV-1) immunization with the adjuvants Emulsigen and the monomeric TLR5 ligand FliC in zebu cattle against AlHV-1 malignant catarrhal fever induced by experimental virus challenge
(Veterinary Microbiology, 2016-11-15) Lankester, F.; Lugelo, A.; Werling, D.; Mnyambwa, N.; Keyyu, J.; Kazwala, R.; Grant, D.; Smith, S.; Parameswaran, N.; Cleaveland, S.; Russell, G.; Haig, D.
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease of cattle that, in East Africa, follows contact with wildebeest excreting alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1). Recently an attenuated vaccine (atAlHV-1) was tested under experimental challenge on Friesian-Holstein (FH) cattle and gave a vaccine efficacy (VE) of approximately 90%. However testing under field conditions on an East African breed, the shorthorn zebu cross (SZC), gave a VE of 56% suggesting that FH and SZC cattle may respond differently to the vaccine. To investigate, a challenge trial was carried out using SZC. Additionally three adjuvant combinations were tested: (i) Emulsigen®, (ii) bacterial flagellin (FliC) and (iii) Emulsigen® + bacterial flagellin. We report 100% seroconversion in all immunized cattle. The group inoculated with atAlHV-1 + Emulsigen® had significantly higher antibody titres than groups inoculated with FliC, the smallest number of animals that became infected and the fewest fatalities, suggesting this was the most effective combination. A larger study is required to more accurately determine the protective effect of this regime in SZC. There was an apparent inhibition of the antibody response in cattle inoculated with atAlHV-1 + FliC, suggesting FliC might induce an immune suppressive mechanism. The VE in SZC (50 – 60%) was less than that in FH (80 – 90%). We speculate that this might be due to increased risk of disease in vaccinated SZC (suggesting that the vaccine may be less effective at stimulating an appropriate immune response in this breed) and/or increased survival in unvaccinated SZC (suggesting that these cattle may have a degree of prior immunity against infection with AlHV-1).