Browsing by Author "Mgeni, Charles Peter"

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Comparative advantage of Tanzanian coffee sector under “Everything but Arms” export trading regime
(IISTE) Paul, Abel; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Mutabazi, Khamaldin; Kadigi, Reuben M.J.
Comparative advantage of Tanzanian coffee sector under “Everything but Arms” export trading regime
(IISTE, 2022) Paul, Abel; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Mutabazi, Khamaldin; Kadigi, Reuben M.J.
This paper assesses the comparative advantage of the Tanzanian coffee sector in the European Union (EU) before and during the Everything but Arms (EBA) trading regime. Coffee’s comparative advantage at the EU level was compared to other commercial crops’ comparative advantage namely; sisal, tobacco, cashew nuts, tea and cotton. To get a clear effect of the regime, Balassa Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index has been employed to analyze exports values from 1995 to 2000 before EBA and from 2001 to 2019 during EBA as two separate periods. Findings from this study indicate that before EBA, coffee was a third product to be exported but during EBA it become a less specialized product. Therefore, EBA has promoted less the export of coffee to the EU market than expected that it will increase as the regime released transaction costs which were restricting the trade. To benefit from EBA preferential agreements, policymakers and sectorial stakeholders have to revisit EBA terms and conditions especially that of “Rule of Origin” which is reported as a major obstacle for most countries to utilize trade preferences agreements merely when they bump into low production within the country of origin.
Dynamics of coffee certifications in producer countries: re-examining the Tanzanian status, challenges and impacts on livelihoods and environmental conservation
(MDPI) Kangile, Joseph Rajabu; Kadigi, Reuben M. J.; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Munishi, Bernadetha Pantaleo; Kashaigili, Japhet; Munishi, Pantaleo K. T.
Dynamics of coffee certifications in producer countries: re-examining the Tanzanian status, challenges and impacts on livelihoods and environmental conservation
(MDPI) Kangile, Joseph, Rajabu; Kadigi, Reuben M. J.; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Munishi, Bernadetha Pantaleo; Kashaigili, Japhet; Munishi, Pantaleo K. T.
Dynamics of coffee certifications in producer countries: re-examining the Tanzanian status, challenges and impacts on livelihoods and environmental conservation
(MDPI, 2021-09) Kangile, Joseph, Rajabu; Kadigi, Reuben M. J.; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Munishi, Bernadetha Pantaleo; Kashaigili, Japhet; Munishi, Pantaleo K. T.
Certification is increasingly becoming necessary for accessing coffee export markets and practicing environmental conservation, especially at this time when many of the farmers in develop- ing countries strive to achieve agricultural transformation. Using data from 400 randomly selected coffee farmers in Tanzania, the study determined the status, constraints, key drivers, and impact of coffee certifications. Descriptive statistics and the endogenous switching regression (ESR) model were used for data analysis. Results indicated that the level of coffee certification is low, being constrained by unawareness and inaccessibility, the prevalence of coffee diseases, failure in realizing price advan- tages, and certification not being cost effective. Economies of scale, experience, and participation in collective actions are significant factors affecting coffee farmers’ decision to join certification schemes. Additionally, the study rejects the hypothesis of certification to improve household income. However, certification improved awareness and practices of environmental conservation among coffee farmers. It is thus important to embark on awareness creation and make certification services accessible and cost effective to coffee farmers for increased access to niche export markets. Easing transmission of price premiums to coffee farmers will also increase the supply of sustainably grown coffee, improve coffee farmers’ livelihood, and help in the attainment of environmental sustainability goals within the coffee supply chain.
Illegal wildlife trade: trade flows of wildlife Products and facilitation methods in the Ruaha Landscape, Tanzania
(Scientific Research Publishing) Mrosso, Hillary Thomas; Kicheleri, Rose Peter; Kashaigili, Japhet Joel; Munishi, Pantaleo; Kadigi, Reuben Mpuya Joseph; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Kimaro, Michael Honorati
Illegal wildlife trade: trade flows of wildlife Products and facilitation methods in the Ruaha Landscape, Tanzania
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2022) Mrosso, Hillary Thomas; Kicheleri, Rose Peter; Kashaigili, Japhet Joel; Munishi, Pantaleo; Kadigi, Reuben Mpuya Joseph; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Kimaro, Michael Honorati
Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape is prominent for its potential wildlife resources, which play a key role in sustaining the economy and livelihoods of the people. However, most of these resources are illegally obtained and traded in differ- ent places within and outside the Ruaha landscape. Due to its illegal nature, most of the important information regarding the trade is poorly documented. Therefore, the current study aimed first, to explore the origin and destina- tion of wildlife products; second, to assess the relationship between hunters and buyers or customers; third, to assess the means used to transport wildlife products; and lastly, to assess who influences people to engage in illegal hunt- ing and trade activities. In addition, we assess the materials used in the ex- change of wildlife products. Semi-structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were used to collect information from 123 respondents. Social network analysis was used to indicate the origin and destination of wildlife products. The findings show that 70% of wildlife products originate from the Ruaha National Park and MBOMIPA wildlife management areas, with the remaining 30% originating from villages. The majority of respondents (65%) reported transporting wildlife products by foot and bicycle as the primary modes of transportation. Suppliers of wildlife products are reported to have close and long-term relationships with their customers and traders, with most of whom being friends and relatives. We found most poachers to be influ- enced by their friends and relatives in terms making decision to engage in il- legal wildlife trade. In addition, crops like maize and rice were the most pop- ular products used to exchange with wildlife products in the Ruaha landscape. Therefore, in order to combat illegal trade in wildlife products at the local level, alternative income-generating activities need to be promoted accompa- nied by not only well-funded anti-poaching programmes but also more effec- tive surveillance plans. These should entail the use of advanced techniques and skills, such as wildlife forensics.
Illegal wildlife trade: trade flows of wildlife products and facilitation methods in the Ruaha Landscape, Tanzania
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2022) Mrosso, Hillary Thomas; Kicheleri, Rose Peter; Kashaigili, Japhet Joel; Munishi, Pantaleo; Kadigi, Reuben Mpuya Joseph; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Kimaro, Michael Honorati
Tanzania’s Ruaha landscape is prominent for its potential wildlife resources, which play a key role in sustaining the economy and livelihoods of the people. However, most of these resources are illegally obtained and traded in differ- ent places within and outside the Ruaha landscape. Due to its illegal nature, most of the important information regarding the trade is poorly documented. Therefore, the current study aimed first, to explore the origin and destina- tion of wildlife products; second, to assess the relationship between hunters and buyers or customers; third, to assess the means used to transport wildlife products; and lastly, to assess who influences people to engage in illegal hunt- ing and trade activities. In addition, we assess the materials used in the ex- change of wildlife products. Semi-structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were used to collect information from 123 respondents. Social network analysis was used to indicate the origin and destination of wildlife products. The findings show that 70% of wildlife products originate from the Ruaha National Park and MBOMIPA wildlife management areas, with the remaining 30% originating from villages. The majority of respondents (65%) reported transporting wildlife products by foot and bicycle as the primary modes of transportation. Suppliers of wildlife products are reported to have close and long-term relationships with their customers and traders, with most of whom being friends and relatives. We found most poachers to be influ- enced by their friends and relatives in terms making decision to engage in il- legal wildlife trade. In addition, crops like maize and rice were the most pop- ular products used to exchange with wildlife products in the Ruaha landscape. Therefore, in order to combat illegal trade in wildlife products at the local level, alternative income-generating activities need to be promoted accompa- nied by not only well-funded anti-poaching programmes but also more effec- tive surveillance plans. These should entail the use of advanced techniques and skills, such as wildlife forensics.
Revisiting the Solow-Swan model of income convergence in the context of coffee producing and re-exporting countries in the world
(Elsevier Ltd) Kadigi, Reuben M. J.; Robinson, Elizabeth; Szabo, Sylvia; Kangile, Joseph; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Marcello, De Maria; Tsusaka, Takuji; Nhau, Brighton
Revisiting the Solow-Swan model of income convergence in the context of coffee producing and re-exporting countries in the world
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Kadigi, Reuben M. J.; Robinson, Elizabeth; Szabo, Sylvia; Kangile, Joseph; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Marcello, De Maria; Tsusaka, Takuji; Nhau, Brighton
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the Solow-Swan’s proposition that poorer countries grow faster than richer countries causing declining income disparities across countries. The role of coffee trade in income convergence is also analyzed to enrich our understanding of whether traditional cash export crops, like coffee, contribute significantly to income convergence. We found that, GDP per capita was growing faster among coffee producers than coffee re-exporters, supporting the Solow-Swan’s model. However, coffee export values and shares decreased with convergence for green coffee producers while increasing among re-exporters, implying unequal distribution of benefits along the global coffee value chain.
Sunflower Value Chain Enhancements for the Rural Economy in Tanzania: A Village Computable General Equilibrium-CGE Approach
(MDPI) Mgeni, Charles Peter; Müller, Klaus; Sieber, Stefan
Tariff impact on industrialization in Tanzania: evidence from Edible oil sub-sector
(Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development) Mgeni, Charles Peter; Müller, Klaus; Sieber, Stefan
The determinants of farmers’ choice of markets for Staple food commodities in Dodoma and Morogoro, Tanzania
(MDPI) Kangile, Rajabu Joseph; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Mpenda, Zena Theopist; Sieber, Stefan
The effects of trade governance on sugar trade and its landscape of policy practices in Tanzania
(SAGE, 2022) Kangile, Joseph Rajabu; Mpenda, Zena Theopist; Kadigi, Reuben M. J.; Mgeni, Charles Peter
Trade governance is important for the efficient implementation of trade policies that support and controls most of the global value chains (GVCs) trade in African countries. Poor trade governance leads to misalignment of trade policies and affects the sustainability of the agricultural commodities supply chains. This study used cross-sectional survey data of 375 randomly selected sugar supply chain actors in Tanzania to evaluate the level of trade governance in Tanzania and ascertain its effects on the sugar trade. Exploratory (factor analysis) and confirmatory (weighted least square regression) models were used for data analysis. The major findings are that governance affects the sugar trade with the magnitude of its effects being felt differently between farmers and traders. It shows further that abrupt trade policy change significantly (p < .05) reduces sugar trade by almost half (47.7%) and lowers the overall level of efforts to invest within the sugar supply chain. Ensuring trade policies are stable and predictable will increase trade by allowing forward contracting and investments. It is also important to create awareness of institutions and organizations managing the sugar supply chain by encouraging transparency in trade policy administration and practices for improving trade governance.
The effects of trade governance on sugar trade and its landscape of policy practices in Tanzania
(SAGE, 2022) Kangile, Joseph Rajabu; Mpenda, Zena Theopist; Kadigi, Reuben M. J.; Mgeni, Charles Peter
Trade governance is important for the efficient implementation of trade policies that support and controls most of the global value chains (GVCs) trade in African countries. Poor trade governance leads to misalignment of trade policies and affects the sustainability of the agricultural commodities supply chains. This study used cross-sectional survey data of 375 randomly selected sugar supply chain actors in Tanzania to evaluate the level of trade governance in Tanzania and ascertain its effects on the sugar trade. Exploratory (factor analysis) and confirmatory (weighted least square regression) models were used for data analysis. The major findings are that governance affects the sugar trade with the magnitude of its effects being felt differently between farmers and traders. It shows further that abrupt trade policy change significantly (p < .05) reduces sugar trade by almost half (47.7%) and lowers the overall level of efforts to invest within the sugar supply chain. Ensuring trade policies are stable and predictable will increase trade by allowing forward contracting and investments. It is also important to create awareness of institutions and organizations managing the sugar supply chain by encouraging transparency in trade policy administration and practices for improving trade governance.
The farm income and food security implications of adopting fertilizer micro- Dosing and tied-ridge technologies under semi-arid environments in central Tanzania
(Elservier) Habtemariam, Lemlem Teklegiorgis; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Mutabazi, Khamaldin Daud; Sieber, Stefan
The farm income and food security implications of adopting fertilizer micro- Dosing and tied-ridge technologies under semi-arid environments in central Tanzania
(Elservier, 2019) Habtemariam, Lemlem Teklegiorgis; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Mutabazi, Khamaldin Daud; Sieber, Stefan
Adopting fertilizer input and rainwater harvesting techniques play a significant role in minimizing soil nutrient deficiency and moisture stress impact, both prime causes of low crop productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study analyses the extent to which fertilizer micro-dosing (MD) and tied-ridge (TR) technologies can improve smallholder farmers’ food security and farm income. A household survey data along with on-farm trial data collected from semi-arid Tanzania is used for the analysis. The trade-off analysis for multi-dimensional impact assessment model (TOA-MD) is applied for the income and food security impact assessment. The on-farm trial shows a yield increase ranging from 10 to 300 percent for millet, and between 60 and 400 percent for sunflower. The TOA-MD analysis shows that between 52 and 79 percent of farms could be positively influenced to adopt the technologies. The increase in mean net return per farm ranges between 186 and 305 PPP USD. Adoption of the technologies would decrease the percentage of food insecure farmers between 1.8 and 7.1 percent. The study concludes that the technologies have the potential to improve yield and farm income for many farmers. However, these technologies alone would not bring significant change in terms of reducing poverty and food insecurity.
The role of AfCFTA in enhancing capital accumulation through vegetables and fruits trade: a case of Tanzania
(Eastern and Southern Africa Journal of Agricultural Economics & Development, 2025-03) Msemo, Emanuel Mbazi; Hella, Joseph Phillip; Mgeni, Charles Peter
Tanzania's ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) presents an opportunity to enhance regional trade and stimulate capital accumulation in the fruits and vegetables sectors. This paper is based on a study that explored how trade liberalization driven by AfCFTA can promote capital accumulation through increased net exports, the reinvestment of trade surpluses, and improved financial linkages. Using the Dynamic Equilibrium Model for Economic Development, Resources, and Agriculture (DEMETRA)—a single-country computable general equilibrium (CGE) model—and the Modular Applied General Equilibrium Tool (MAGNET), a global multiregional CGE model, the study simulated two trade liberalization scenarios: (i) tariff-only reductions and (ii) reductions combining both tariff and non-tariff measures (NTMs). These scenarios were evaluated across four trade schedules: Revenue from Tariff (REV), which focused on optimizing government revenue; Agricultural Trade (AGR), which prioritized food security and market access; Intermediate Inputs Trade (INT), which supported industrialization through supply chain enhancements; and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), which targeted competitive export sectors. The study findings indicate that the Tariff + NTM scenario yielded be er trade outcomes, with net exports for fruits projected to reach 115.79 billion TZS and for vegetables 86.26 billion TZS by 2035, compared to 112.25 billion TZS and 83.48 billion TZS, respectively, under the Tariff-only scenario. The RCA and INT schedules generated the most significant trade surpluses, highlighting the importance of strategic tariff reductions and targeted trade facilitation. Key policy recommendations include reducing NTMs through streamlined customs procedures, investing in export-support infrastructure such as cold storage and transport networks, and enhancing competitiveness through value addition and regional market integration. These measures would maximize the benefits of AfCFTA in strengthening Tanzania's agricultural trade, fostering capital reinvestment, and ensuring long-term economic resilience.
The role of coffee production and trade on gender equity and livelihood improvement in Tanzania
(MDPI) Kangile, Joseph Rajabu; Kadigi, Reuben M. J.; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Munishi, Bernadetha Pantaleo; Kashaigili, Japhet; Munishi, Pantaleo K. T.
The role of coffee production and trade on gender equity and livelihood improvement in Tanzania
(MDPI, 2021-09-13) Kangile, Joseph Rajabu; Kadigi, Reuben M. J.; Mgeni, Charles Peter; Munishi, Bernadetha Pantaleo; Kashaigili, Japhet; Munishi, Pantaleo K. T.
Achieving the sustainable development goals in developing countries will require the realization of benefits from the global supply and value chains, such as coffee, for inclusive economic development and poverty reduction. This study uses the data of 400 men and women randomly sampled coffee farmers from a developing country, Tanzania, to evaluate coffee income distribution, and how general coffee production and trade contribute to gender equity and livelihood improvement. Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition and Gini coefficient models are used for data analysis. We find a gender imbalance from the ownership and control of resources to the participation of men and women in the coffee supply chain. However, investing in supporting the coffee supply chain has an impact on livelihood improvement, due to coffee income inequality reducing effects. There is a gender gap in the income earned from coffee production and trading, which is 44% of the women’s structural disadvantages. Empowerment for equal access to land and credit, and offering trade facilitation services will bridge the existing gender gap. Additionally, developing and disseminating new coffee production technologies that will reduce discrimination, by offering new opportunities and making coffee an inclusive supply chain, remains imperative.