Browsing by Author "Mhamphi, G. G."
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Item Leptospirosis in sugarcane plantation and fishing communities in Kagera northwestern Tanzania(PLOS/ Neglected Tropical Diseases) Mgode, G. F.; Japhary, M. M.; Mhamphi, G. G.; Kiwelu, I.; Athaide, I.; Machang’u, R. S.Item Predominant Leptospiral Serogroups circulating among humans, livestock and wildlife in Katavi-Rukwa ecosystem, Tanzania(PLOS Neglected Tropical Disease) Assenga, J. A.; Matemba, L. E.; Muller, S. K.; Mhamphi, G. G.; Kazwala, R. R.Item Predominant Leptospiral Serogroups circulating among humans, livestock and wildlife in Katavi-Rukwa ecosystem, Tanzania(PLOS Neglected Tropical Disease, 2015-03-25) Assenga, J. A.; Matemba, L. E.; Muller, S. K.; Mhamphi, G. G.; Kazwala, R. R.Background: Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease and a serious, under-reported public health problem, particularly in rural areas of Tanzania. In the Katavi-Rukwa ecosystem, humans, livestock and wildlife live in close proximity, which exposes them to the risk of a number of zoonotic infectious diseases, including leptospirosis. Methodology/Principal Findings: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out in the Katavi region, South-west Tanzania, to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira spp in humans, domestic rumi- nants and wildlife. Blood samples were collected from humans (n = 267), cattle (n = 1,103), goats (n = 248), buffaloes (n = 38), zebra (n = 2), lions (n = 2), rodents (n = 207) and shrews (n = 11). Decanted sera were tested using the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) for an- tibodies against six live serogroups belonging to the Leptospira spp , with a cutoff point of 1:160. The prevalence of leptospiral antibodies was 29.96% in humans, 30.37% in cattle, 8.47% in goats, 28.95% in buffaloes, 20.29% in rodents and 9.09% in shrews. Additionally, one of the two samples in lions was seropositive. A significant difference in the prevalence P < 0.05 was observed between cattle and goats. No significant difference in prevalence was observed with respect to age and sex in humans or any of the sampled animal species. The most prevalent serogroups with antibodies of Leptospira spp were Sejroe, Hebdoma- dis, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagie and Australis, which were detected in humans, cattle, goats and buffaloes; Sejroe and Grippotyphosa, which were detected in a lion; Aus- tralis, Icterohaemorrhagie and Grippotyphosa, which were detected in rodents; and Austra- lis, which was detected in shrews. Antibodies to serogroup Ballum were detected only in humans. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that leptospiral antibodies are widely prevalent in hu- mans, livestock and wildlife from the Katavi-Rukwa ecosystem. The disease poses a seri- ous economic and public health threat in the study area. This epidemiological study provides information on circulating serogroups, which will be essential in designing inter- vention measures to reduce the risk of disease transmission.Item Seropositivity of Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. antibodies among abattoir workers and meat vendors in the city of Mwanza, Tanzania: A call for one health approach control strategies(PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases) Mirambo, M. M.; Mgode, G. F.; John, M.; Mngumi, E. B.; Mhamphi, G. G.; Mshana, S. E.; Malima, Z. O.Item Seropositivity of Brucella spp. and Leptospira spp. antibodies among abattoir workers and meat vendors in the city of Mwanza, Tanzania: A call for one health approach control strategies(PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2018-06-25) Mirambo, M. M.; Mgode, G. F.; John, M.; Mngumi, E. B.; Mhamphi, G. G.; Mshana, S. E.; Malima, Z. O.A total of 250 participants (146 abattoir workers and 104 meat vendors) were enrolled with median age of 31 (IQR: 25–38) years. The overall, seropositivity of Brucella spp. antibodies was 48.4% (95% Cl: 42–54). Seropositivity of B. abortus was significantly higher than that of B. melitensis (46.0%, 95%Cl: 39–52 vs. 23.6%, 95% Cl: 18–28, P<0.001) while seropositiv- ity of both species was 21.2% (95%Cl: 16–26). The seropositivity of Leptospira spp. was 10.0% (95% CI: 6–13) with predominance of Leptospira kirschneri serovar Sokoine which was detected in 7.2% of the participants. Being abattoir worker (OR: 2.19, 95% CI 1.06– 4.54, p = 0.035) and long work duration (OR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01–1.11, p = 0.014) predicted presence of both B.abortus and B. melitensis antibodies. Only being married (p = 0.041) was significantly associated with seropositivity of Leptospira spp. Primary education was the only factor independently predicted presence of Brucella spp. antibodies among abattoir workers on sub-analysis of occupational exposure. None of factors were found to be associ- ated with presence of Brucella spp. antibodies among meat vendors on sub-analysis. Conclusion Seropositivity of B.abortus antibodies among abattoir workers and meat vendors is high and seem to be a function of being abattoir worker, having worked for long duration in the abat- toir and having primary education. In addition, a significant proportion of abattoir workers and meat vendors in the city was seropositive for Leptospira kirschneri serovar Sokoine. There is a need to consider ‘one health approach’ in devising appropriate strategies to con- trol these diseases in the developing countries.Item Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of leptospirosis in slaughter pigs; a neglected public health risk, western Kenya(BMC Veterinary Research) Ngugi, J. N.; Fèvre, E. M.; Mgode, G. F.; Obonyo, M.; Mhamphi, G. G.; Otieno, C. A.; Cook, E. A. J.Item Seroprevalence of Leptospira infection in bats roosting in human settlements in Morogoro municipality in Tanzania(Tanzania Journal of Health Research) Mgode, G. F.; Mbugi, H. A.; Mhamphi, G. G.; Ndanga, D.; Nkwama, E. L.