Browsing by Author "Mosha, R. D."
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Item Antiviral activity of crude extracts of Synadenium glaucescens (Pax) against infectious bursal disease and fowlpox virusMabiki, F. P.; Mdegela, R. H.; Mosha, R. D.; Magadula, J. J.Item Antiviral activity of crude extracts of Synadenium glaucescens (Pax) against infectious bursal disease and fowlpox virus(2013-04-10) Mabiki, F. P.; Mdegela, R. H.; Mosha, R. D.; Magadula, J. J.The effect of crude extracts from different morphological parts of Synadenium glaucescens against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and fowlpox (FP) virus using an in ovo assay were investigated. Viable 9 days embryonated chicken eggs were challenged with viral strains then treated with S. glaucescens extracts at concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. Un-inoculated group were saved as negative control and groups inoculated with virus and diluent saved as positive controls. The treatments were observed daily and embryo weights were measured 5 days post-inoculation. Embryo survival and mean embryo weight were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.001) in groups treated with S. glaucescens extracts than the positive control. More than 50% of the extract prevented death and deformation of embryo and formation of pock lesions in embryos. Furthermore, the treatments with ethanolic extract of the root bark demonstrated significantly higher mean embryo weight compared to other extract for both viruses (P ≤ 0.001). The mean embryo weights from eggs challenged with infectious bursal disease virus and fowlpox virus treated with the extract were 6.3 ± 2 and 5.9 ± 0.5 g, respectively. These findings demonstrate potential and feasibility of using S. glaucescens extracts for treatment of the viral diseases. Furthermore, it validates the ethnoveterinary exploitation at community level.Item Environmental and Health Impacts Associated with Usage of Agrochemicals in Mindu Dam Catchment Area, Morogoro, Tanzania(African Journal Online) Mdegela, R. H.; Mosha, R. D.; Ngowi, H. A.; Nonga, H. E.Item Environmental and Health Impacts Associated with Usage of Agrochemicals in Mindu Dam Catchment Area, Morogoro, Tanzania(African Journal Online, 2013-01-19) Mdegela, R. H.; Mosha, R. D.; Ngowi, H. A.; Nonga, H. E.A field based study was conducted during 2004 – 2006 to assess the environmental, human and animal health risks associated with usage of agrochemicals in Mindu dam catchment area (MDCA), in Morogoro, Tanzania. Heads of 268 households were interviewed using a questionnaire with structured and semi-structured questions. Fertilizers, insecticides and fungicides were the most commonly used agrochemicals in tomato production, which was the main crop cultivated. Endosulfan was the only organochlorine pesticide used in vegetable production. The majority of the farmers purchased agrochemicals that were repacked in unlabelled non-original containers, which were later reused for domestic purposes. About 73% of the farmers applied agrochemicals without protective gears. High risk groups to agrochemical exposure in the area were men, retailers and children. Farmers’ perceived impacts of agrochemical usage included getting sick, deaths of people and animals and environmental pollution. Information obtained from this study was used to identify appropriate foci and target groups for interventions to reduce the health risks associated with the usage of agrochemicals in the area. This assessment identified three foci and target groups for interventions: training of farmers on good agricultural practices, strengthening agricultural extension services, and reinforcing regulatory services.Item Influence of 17a-ethynylestradiol on CYP1A, GST and biliary FACs responses in male African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to waterborne Benzo[a]Pyrene(Springer Science+Business Media,) Mdegela, R. H.; Braathen, M.; Correia, D.; Mosha, R. D.; Skaare, J. U.; Sandvik, J.