Browsing by Author "Mshana, Stephen E."

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7

Accuracy of WHO immunological criteria in identifying virological failure among HIV-infected adults on first line antiretroviral therapy in Mwanza, North-western Tanzania
(BioMed Central) Gunda, Daniel W.; Kidenya, Benson R.; Mshana, Stephen E.; Kilonzo, Semvua B.; Mpondo, Bonaventura C. T.
Antimicrobial use in cattle and poultry production on occurrence of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli. A systematic review with focus on sub-Saharan Africa
(Frontiers, 2022-10-24) Azabo, Rogers; Dulle, Frankwell; Mshana, Stephen E.; Matee, Mecky; Kimera, Sharadhuli
Antimicrobial use in livestock production has been linked to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide; however, optimization of their use has been considered an important strategy in dealing with it. The aims of this study were as follows: (a) to assess the literature on antimicrobial usage (practices, frequency, class, type) in cattle and poultry production with regard to resistance in Escherichia coli (E. coli) including multidrug resistance (MDR) (b) summarize evidence for quantitative (volumes of active antimicrobial ingredients) and quality (identify and quantify active ingredient) and (c) to identify data gaps. Peer reviewed literature search was conducted by querying two online databases: PubMed and Google scholar from November 15, 2018 to February 2019. The inclusion criteria for eligibility were articles: published in English between 2008 and 2018, including poultry (chicken) or cattle or both, E. coli bacteria of choice, antimicrobial use on farms, quantitative data and quality of antimicrobial used. Microsoft Excel was used for data extraction and Rayyan software for eligibility studies. The search retrieved 1,446 probable articles including those from the reference list of significant papers, of which twenty-four articles remained on full text review with more than a third of the studies being conducted in Nigeria. Farm surveys and antimicrobial sales were identified as the main sources of data and the mean quantities of antimicrobials based on sales data were 23,234, 41,280.87, and 1,538,443 kg of the active ingredient in Nigeria, Zambia and South Africa, respectively. One study from Cameroon determined the quantities of active ingredients based on dose metrics while another study still from Cameroon mentioned the quality of antimicrobials. Tetracyclines, beta-lactams/aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones were the most common classes of antimicrobials (antibiotics) used. Our review reveals a dearth of information in Sub- Saharan Africa on the quantity and quality of veterinary drugs and yet they play a role in the overall picture of antimicrobial resistance. This finding gives an opportunity in the area of focus for future research as far as resistance and multidrug resistance are concerned in food producing animals.
Existence of multiple ESBL genes among phenotypically conﬁrmed ESBL producing klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli concurrently isolated from clinical, colonization and contamination samples from neonatal units at Bugando Medical Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
(MDPI) Silago, Vitus; Kovacs, Dory; Samson, Happyness; Seni, Jeremiah; Matthews, Louise; Oravcová, Katarina; Lupindu, Athumani M.; Hoza, Abubakar S.; Mshana, Stephen E.
Existence of multiple ESBL genes among phenotypically conﬁrmed ESBL producing klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli concurrently isolated from clinical, colonization and contamination samples from neonatal units at Bugando Medical Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
(MDPI, 2021) Silago, Vitus; Kovacs, Dory; Samson, Happyness; Seni, Jeremiah; Matthews, Louise; Oravcová, Katarina; Lupindu, Athumani M.; Hoza, Abubakar S.; Mshana, Stephen E.
The proportions and similarities of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing K. pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) and E. coli (ESBL-EC) carrying multiple ESBL genes is poorly known at our setting. This study investigated the existence of multiple ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV) among ESBL-KP and ESBL-EC concurrently isolated from clinical, colonization, and contamination samples from neonatology units in Mwanza-Tanzania. Twenty and 55 presumptive ESBL-EC and ESBL-KP, respectively, from a previous study archived at−80 ◦C were successfully recovered for this study. Isolates were screened and conﬁrmed for production of ESBLs by phenotypic methods followed by multiplex PCR assay to determine ESBL genes. All (100%) and 97.3% of presumptive ESBL isolates were phenotypically conﬁrmed by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and modiﬁed double-disc synergy methods, respectively. About 93.3% (70/75) of phenotypically conﬁrmed ESBL isolates had at least one ESBL gene, whereby for 62.9% (44/70), all ESBL genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV) were detected. Eight pairs of ESBL bacteria show similar patterns of antibiotics susceptibility and ESBL genes. ESBL-KP and ESBL-EC, concurrently isolated from clinical, colonization and contamination samples, harbored multiple ESBL genes. Further, eight pairs of ESBL isolates had similar patterns of antibiotics susceptibility and ESBL genes, suggesting transmission of and/or sharing of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) among ESBL-KP and ESBL-EC.
Farm costs and benefits of antimicrobial use reduction on broiler farms in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
(Frontiers, 2022-11-15) Azabo, Rogers R.; George, Janeth I.; Mshana, Stephen E.; Matee, Mecky I.; Kimera, Sharadhuli I.
Of all animal derived-food, the demand for poultry meat is the most dynamic. The poultry sector can meet this demand only by introducing intensive production where antimicrobial use is inevitable. Bacterial infection prevention and control is an important factor in intensive livestock production. Antibiotics are an effective and relatively inexpensive means of preventing and controlling infections, thus maintaining animal health and productivity. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the costs and benefits of various scenarios of antimicrobial use reduction at broiler farms in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. This study focused on the economic impact of an average broiler farm. Costs and benefits for various scenarios of antimicrobial use reduction levels were projected by a partial budget framework using the Mclnerney model. The disease cost of the current situation was US$225. On reduction of antimicrobial use by 20% the avoidable disease cost was US$ 31, by 50% was US$ 83 and by 100% was US$ 147. A reduction in antibiotic use can only be achieved if better alternatives are available to combat disease. In conclusion, the model predicts that reducing antibiotic use increases production costs. Future studies on antimicrobial use reduction’s impact on morbidity and mortality and the efficiency of additional control and other measures of producing poultry meat without high concentrations of antibiotics are necessary.
Pattern, clinical characteristics, and outcome of meningitis among HIV-infected adults admitted in a tertiary hospital in North western Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation) Boaz, Matobogolo M.; Kalluvya, Samuel; Downs, Jennifer A.; Mpondo, Bonaventura C. T.; Mshana, Stephen E.
Prevalence and factors associated with rotavirus infection among vaccinated children hospitalized for acute diarrhea in Mwanza city, Tanzania: a cross sectional study
(Scientific Research Publishing) Mahamba, Dina; Hokororo, Adolfine; Mashuda, Florentina; Msanga, Delfina R.; Bendera, Elice C.; Kwiyolecha, Elizabeth N.; Kidenya, Benson R.; Mshana, Stephen E.; Mirambo, Mariam M.