Browsing by Author "Muhanga, Mikidadi I."
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Item A comparative analysis of levels of vulnerability of livelihood assets to gas extraction operations: evidence from Mtwara rural district, Tanzania(Tanzania Journal of Community Development, 2023-05-07) Musoma, Beston M.; Nyanda, Suzana S.; Muhanga, Mikidadi I.; Massawe, Fatihiya A.Extractive investments adversely affect local communities across the globe. Tanzania experiences new gas extraction operations (GEO) but with scanty information on how they influence the levels of vulnerability of livelihood assets among rural communities. As such, there is a need to empirically understand wplaces are more vulnerable than others so that livelihood enhancement actions can be performed following gas extraction operations. This article examined the levels of vulnerability of livelihood assets among communities residing near and distant villages to gas extractive fields and processing plants. A cross-sectional research design was employed, and 260 respondents were sampled proportionally from village registers. The sample was complemented with 15 key informant Interviews (KII) and four focus group discussions (FGDs). A comparative analysis was performed using Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI). The results revealed that distant villages had the highest level of food accessibility and water accessibility. Also, neighbouring villages have the highest level of vulnerability on land ownership. Likewise, nearby villages had a moderate level of exposure to livelihood strategies and gas extraction activities. To conclude, distant villages had a higher level of vulnerability to food access, water access, and socio-demographic profile components. Whereas nearby villages had the highest level of vulnerability on land ownership and gas extraction operation components. Therefore, to lessen the food vulnerability among households, the government and donors should prioritize income generating and food security programmes among households.Item Condom use among youths in sub-saharan Africa: a narrative review on the myths, misconceptions, and challenges(Wiley Health & Social Care in the Community, 2024-08-27) Muhanga, Mikidadi I.; Jesse, Angela M.; Allan, Tumaini T.If properly used, condoms can serve as an efective family planning method and preventive tool towards sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Despite its anticipated efectiveness, there are diferent myths and misconceptions which have been observed as hindrances to both its use and efectiveness. Tis review examines the myths and misconceptions of condom use among youths and explores challenges in condom usage in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A narrative review was employed of which diferent journal articles were reviewed. Te search words/phrases were “condom use in SSA, condom use among youths in SSA, myths and misconceptions on condom use among youths in SSA.” A total of 1074 studies were identifed, 93 were relevant to the topic, and only 71 suited the review. Te identifed myths and misconceptions of condom use include that males were the ones to decide on the use of condoms during sexual intercourse, economic power determines the use of condoms, condom use reduces sexual pleasure, condom use relates to the spread of HIV/AIDS, and condom use is against God’s will. Other identifed myths and misconceptions of condom use include that the use of condoms is a sign of lack of trust associated with fornication and adultery, also the use of condoms is only for family planning purposes. Te challenges identifed were breakage of condom during sexual intercourse, condom slippage, condom leakage, incorrect storage, and reuse of condoms. Te identifed myths and mis- conceptions lead to low knowledge of condom use within communities. Tere is a need for collaboration between governments, researchers, and NGOs to provide education on condom use to communities, particularly youths.Item Public-private-partnership stakeholders’ alignment in health system and universal health coverage attainment progress in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania(College of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2022-09-09) Kimario, Kanti A.; Muhanga, Mikidadi I.; Kayunze, Kim A.Public-Private-Partnerships (PPPs) have gained prominence in Tanzania and other low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) since the 1990s. PPPs have emerged as an alternative approach to the provision of public goods including healthcare services to improve the progress toward attaining Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The reviewed body of literature has mostly dwelt on the benefits and challenges of PPPs in health services provision in different contexts from within and outside Tanzania. The contracted PPPs for healthcare providers are expected to align their objectives with those stipulated in the service agreement for better healthcare delivery. Thus, it was important to determine the extent to which PPP stakeholders’ alignment with services agreement can be attributed to the progress toward UHC attainment in the Kilimanjaro region. This article (i) examined PPP stakeholders’ adherence to key objectives as specified in the service agreement and (ii) determined the relationship between PPP alignment in the health system and progress towards UHC attainment. A case study research design was used involving a sample size of 40 respondents. Multi-stage sampling was employed to obtain the respondents for a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis (summated scales expressed in percentages) for objective one was done. Partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed for the second study objective. Results revealed that PPP adherence to key objectives as specified in the service agreement was perceived to be high as per the respondents' rating from Likert items. Results for PLS-SEM indicated, R2 = 0.717 for UHC implying that 71.7% of the variance in UHC attainment was attributed to PPP stakeholders’ alignment with a service agreement in the health system. Factors including quality monitoring and control standards (β = 0.308, p < 0.05) and time span for contract implementation (β = 0.333, p < 0.05), had statistically significant effect on the progress towards UHC attainment. Besides, variables for PPP alignment with service agreement were positively related to the progress towards UHC attainment. Effective PPP alignment to the health system goes hand in hand with PPP partners’ adherence to the key objectives as specified in the service agreement. It is recommended that the LGAs and the Ministry of health should promote formal PPP collaborations through service agreements.