Browsing by Author "Muhikambele, V.R.M."

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Comparative analysis of partial suckling and artificial dairy kid rearing systems
Selejio, O.; Muhikambele, V.R.M.; Ndemanisho, E.E.; Mushi, D.E.
Comparative analysis of partial suckling and artificial dairy kid rearing systems
(2005) Selejio, O.; Muhikambele, V.R.M.; Ndemanisho, E.E.; Mushi, D.E.
Forty kids aged 1 - 1.5 months and weighing 2.5 - 8 kg were randomly allocated to two: treatments, treatment. 1 (Bucket feeding system, BFS) and treatment 2 (partial suckling system, PSS). One half (10 males, 10 females) was allocated to BFS and the other half to PSS. Breed composition of the experimental animal was 20 kids Norwegian x local crosses and 20 Galla goats. The BFS does were milked twice per day (06: 30 h and 16: 30 h) while PSS does were milked only once per day (16:30 h). Milk yield and surplus (marketable) milk were measured daily for 9 weeks of lactation and kids were weighed weekly during the same period. BFS does produced significantly (P<0.05) higher milk yield (414.96 ± 13.48 g/day) than PSS does (179.23 ± 84.24 g/day. Considering surplus milk, PSS does produced significantly (P<0.05) higher than BFS does which could not even produce enough to feed their kids. The study also showed that crossbred does gave significantly (P<0.01) higher daily milk yield and surplus milk in each treatment compared with Galla does. The kids under PSS had a significantly (P<0.01) better growth rate (42.34 ± 5.46 g/day) than BFS kids (3.92 ± 8.02 g/day) and crossbred kids grew significantly (P<0.05) better (40.09 ± 6.63 g/day) than Galla kids (6.17 ± 7.09g/day). The Gross Margin Analysis (GMA) showed that PSS has a higher gross margin (Shs. 46, 024.9) than BFS (Shs. - 153,825.20). It was concluded that PSS is a better system in terms of surplus (marketable) milk and growth of kids compared with BFS.
Developmental changes of fat depots-in male Saanen goats
Mtenga, L.A.; Owen, E.; Muhikambele, V.R.M.; Kifaro, G.C.
Developmental changes of fat depots-in male Saanen goats
(2005) Mtenga, L.A.; Owen, E.; Muhikambele, V.R.M.; Kifaro, G.C.
Thirty-four male British Saanen goats were reared on milk substitutes from birth to weaning at 35 days and then given barley-based concentrate diet ad libitum. They were slaughtered serially at birth (3.5 kg), weaning (9.5 kg), 24.5,36.5, 48.5 and 72.5 kg live weights. Weights of fat depots were recorded. With the exception of channel fat, all fat depots increased significantly (P< 0.001) with increasing slaughter weight. Fat growth coeffients were greater than 1 (P<0.001) and was highest for subcutaneous fat (1.887), followed by gut fat (1.802), dissected fat I. 687), inter-muscular fat I.6I9) and lowest for channel fat I.I27). Relative to total fat, the greatest change in proportion of fat occurred between birth and 24.5 kg of live, weight. There were little consistent changes in proportion of subcutaneous fat relative to change in lotal body fat
Effect of level of inclusion of lablab meal in diet on carcass characteristic of Blackhead Persian Sheep
Muhikambele, V.R.M.; Mtenga, L.A.; Mafwere, W.D.
Effects of substituting sunflower seed cake with Acacia tortilis pods as protein source in supplementary diets of Small East African goats
Ntakwendela, L.; Mtenga, L.A.; Pereka, A.E.; Chenyambuga, S.W.; Laswai, G.H.; Kimambo, A.E.; Muhikambele, V.R.M.
Effects of substituting sunflower seed cake with Acacia tortilis pods as protein source in supplementary diets of Small East African goats
(2002) Ntakwendela, L.; Mtenga, L.A.; Pereka, A.E.; Chenyambuga, S.W.; Laswai, G.H.; Kimambo, A.E.; Muhikambele, V.R.M.
A study was undertaken to avaluate the effects of substituting sunflower seed cake with Acacia tortilis pods as a protein source in supplementing Small East African goats fed a basal diet of Brachiaria brizantha hay. Twenty-four growing female goats with mean body weight of 9. 71 = 1.56 kg were used in a growth experiment. Twelve adult bucks were used in a digestibility experiment. In the growth experiment the animals were divided into four groups, each with six animals, while for the digestibility experiment the animals were divided into four groups, each with three animals. These groups were randomly assigned to four supplementary diets containing different proportion of sunflower seed cake and Acacia tortilis pods. In treatments one (T1). two (T2); three (T3) and four (T4) sunflower seed cake was replaced with Acacia tortilis pods at levels of 0.0%, 3.33%, 66.7% and 100%, respectively. The intake of hay and total DM tended to increase with increasing levels of Acacia tortilts pods in the supplementary diet, the highest intake (430 g DM/day) was observed in goats offered supplementary diet T4. The CP intake (49.1 to 58.9g/day) did not differ significantly (P>0. 0.5). among the treatments. The intake of ME was significantly (P<0. 05) lower (3.0 MJ) for animals in T1 than those in T4 (3:7 MJ). In the digestibility trial, no significant (P>0.05) effect on apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP and NDF on nitrogen utilisation was observed between treatments. In the growth trail, significant (P<0.05) lower growth rate was observed in animals under T1 (20g/day) than those in T3 (32g/day) and T4 (32g/day). Similarly the feed utilisation efficiency for animals in T1 (FCR=18.5) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of the animals in T3 (FCR=13.1) and T4 (FCR=13. 5). Replacement of sunflower seed cake with Acacia tortilis pods in the supplementary diets at the level of 66.7% and 100% gave the highest hay and total DM intake, daily live weight gain and feed utilisation efficiency. Therefore, Acacia tortilis pods may be used in place of high cost oil cakes in the feeding of goats.
Muscle distribution in farm animals: comparison between goats and other farm animals
Mtenga, L. A.; Owen, E.; Muhikambele, V.R.M.