Browsing by Author "Mwatawala, Maulid W."

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Contribution of round potato production to household income in Mbeya and Makete districts, Tanzania
(Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare) Mende, Dorah H.; Kayunze, Kim A.; Mwatawala, Maulid W.
Effects of Hexanal and Calcium Chloride Post-Harvest Treatments in Management of Fresh Mango (Mangifera indica) Quality
(Springer, 2022-07) Baltazari, Anna; Mtui, Hosea D.; Mwatawala, Maulid W.; Chove, Lucy M.; Msogoya, Theodosy; Samwel, Jaspa; Paliyath, Gopinadhan; Subramanian, Jayasankar
Abstract Experiments were conducted at the Sokoine University of Agriculture to assess the effects of hexanal at (0.02%) (volume/volume) and calcium chloride (2%) (weight/volume), on post-harvest quality of mango (‘Palmer’ and ‘Apple’) under different storage conditions and durations. A three factors factorial experiment was used for each variety and replicated six times. The fruits were stored at ambient temperature (28 ± 2 °C) or reduced temperatures (18 ± 2 °C) storage conditions. Data included physiological weight loss (PWL), fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titrat- able acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, vitamin C, total flavonoids, reducing sugar and total sugars which was collected at 0, 4, 8 and 12 days after harvest. Results indicated that hexanal and calcium chloride significantly (p \ 0.001) reduced mango PWL and improved fruit firmness and TSS of both varieties compared to untreated fruits. Hexanal-treated fruits maintained high vitamin C, total flavonoids, total and reducing sugars irrespective of the storage conditions. Vitamin C and total flavonoids of mango fruits decreased with storage time, whereas total and reducing sugar contents increased with storage time. Both treatments maintained physico-chemical qualities of mango fruits, when stored under reduced temperature storage. Keywords; Physiological weight loss , Fruits firmness , Total soluble solids (TSS) , Titratable acidity (TA) ,TSS/TA ratio , Vitamin C , Flavonoids , Reducing sugar , Total sugar
Effects of storage conditions, storage duration and post-harvest treatments on nutritional and sensory quality of orange (Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck) fruits
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2019-10-15) Baltazari, Anna; Mtui, Hosea D.; Mwatawala, Maulid W.; Chove, Lucy M.; Msogoya, Theodosy; Samwel, Jaspa; Subramanian, Jayasankar
The fruits of Msasa and Jaffa orange varieties were harvested and subjected to post-harvest treatments namely; dipping in hexanal, dipping in calcium chloride and compared with untreated control; and they were stored at ambient (28 ± 2° C) and reduced temperatures (18 ± 2°C) conditions. Data were collected on the 0, 4 th , 8 th , and 12 th days from the date of fruit harvest. Chemical analyses were conducted to determine vita- min C content, total sugars, reducing sugars and total flavo- noids. Post-harvest treatments had a significant effect on vitamin C and total flavonoids of Jaffa orange fruit. Hexanal treated fruit had higher values of total flavonoids, vitamin C, and total sugars compared to calcium chloride treated and control fruit. The storage durations showed significant effects on the vitamin C content of Jaffa, total flavonoids, the total and reducing sugars of both fruit varieties. Vitamin C and total flavonoids decreased with increasing storage duration of fruit. The significant interactions of factors were observed on total sugar which was increasing with increasing storage duration, but higher in hexanal treated and ambient stored fruit. Based on consumer acceptance test, the hexanal treated fruits were the most liked followed by calcium chloride treated and untreated fruits based on the appearance, taste, texture and overall acceptability.
Efficacy of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, Neorautanenia mitis and Gnidia kraussiana against Larger Grain Borer (Prostephanus truncatus Horn) and Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamays Motschulsky) on Maize (Zea mays L.) Grain Seeds (Sitophilus zeamays Motschulsky) on Maize (Zea mays L.) Grain Seeds
Mulungu, Loth S.; Ndilahomba, B.; Nyange, C. J.; Mwatawala, Maulid W.; Mwalilino, Jilisa; Joseph, C. C.; Mgina, Clarence A.
Entitlement to food security approach explaining food security in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania more than other theories
(Asian Economic and Social Society) Mende, Dorah H.; Mwatawala, Maulid W.; Kayunze, Kim A.
Entitlement to food security approach explaining food security in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania more than other theories
(Asian Economic and Social Society, 2015) Mende, Dorah H.; Mwatawala, Maulid W.; Kayunze, Kim A.
Data for this paper were collected in Mbeya and Makete Districts, Tanzania, in 2012 from 233 households with the specific objectives to determine proportions of food secure and food insecure households; rank some indicators of entitlements and those of Malthusians, Anti-Malthusians and Woldemeskel‟s contentions with regard to their relationship with food security; and determine the impact of the above indicators on dietary energy consumed per adult equivalent per day, which was the dependent variable. The independent variables were household size, number of agricultural technologies used, number of cattle owned, income from non-agricultural activities, monetary values of household assets, farmer group membership, years of schooling of household head and kilograms of fertilizer used. The dependent variable was regressed on the eight independent variables to find the impact of each of them on it. Entitlement to food security in terms numbers of cattle owned, farmers‟ group membership and non-agricultural activities were found to be more important factors enhancing food security. Addressing these factors could improve food security in the study area. It is recommended that the government and policy makers should support farmers in other income generating activities besides agriculture to increase their purchasing power for higher
Food security incidences based on monetary and caloric poverty lines in Mbeya and Makete Districts, Tanzania
(IISTE - Developing Country Studies) Mende, Dorah H.; Kayunze, Kim A.; Mwatawala, Maulid W.
Impact of round Potato production on household food security in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania
(Food Science and Quality Management) Mende, Dorah H.; Kayunze, Kim A.; Mwatawala, Maulid W.
Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) cultivation technique using re-usable substrate containers and comparison of mineral contents with common leafy vegetables
(Journal of Applied Biosciences) Mamiro, Delphina P.; Mamiro, Peter S.; Mwatawala, Maulid W.
Reduction of preharvest and postharvest losses of sweet orange (citrus sinensis l. osberck) using hexanal in Eastern Tanzania
(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019) Mwatawala, Maulid W.; Baltazari, Anna; Msogoya, Theodosy J.; Mtui, Hosea D.; Samwel, Jaspa; Chove, Lucy M.
Fruits are rich in phytochemicals that protect human populations against diseases (Hung et al. 2004; Dauchet et al. 2006; Bellavia et al. 2013). Nutrients contained in fruits include essential vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, fibers, and carbohydrates that improve the quality of the human diet (Barrett 2007). For example, sufficient daily consumption of fruits can reduce the risks of diabetes, hypertension, heart diseases, and certain types of cancer (Bazzano et al. 2002; Yao et al. 2004). According to FAO/WHO (2003), up to 2.7million lives could potentially be saved each year with sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables. Much of the world’s population, however, does not consume the recommended intake of at least 100g per day of fruits daily. Global production of citrus fruits increased from 144 876 944 tonnes in 2015 to 146 429 018 tonnes in 2016 (FAO 2017). This was coupled with increased global demand for fresh fruits (Weinberger and Lumpkin 2007). Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osberck) is an important tropical fruit with high global demand. Sweet oranges are consumed fresh or processed as juice. Although citrus production increased moderately in several countries in the last decade, it fell in the USA. However, citrus fruit continues to be an important crop for satisfying food and nutrition needs (United States Department of Agriculture 2018). Sweet orange is a good source of potassium, folate, and vitamin C (Turner and Burri 2013). Vitamin C is an antioxidant that lowers risks of cancer, cataract formation, and heart‐related diseases (Harats et al. 1998; Jacques et al. 1997). Folate is necessary for DNA and protein synthesis (Turner and Burri 2013), while potassium helps to maintain normal blood pressure. Sweet orange also contains phenolic compounds that are important antioxidants (Rapisarda et al. 1999; Turner and Burri 2013). Production of sweet orange is a source of employment, income, and livelihood to large, medium, and smallholder farmers in various parts of the globe. Global production of sweet orange increased from 116 million tonnes in 2008 to 124 million tonnes in 2017 (FAO 2017). However, despite the demand due to the nutritional and health benefits, many fruits are highly seasonal and perishable with high preharvest and postharvest losses and wastages (Idah and Aderibigbe 2007). Postharvest losses in fruits and vegetables were estimated to be 30–40% in developing countries (Karim and Hawlader 2005). This chapter presents findings from trials on the effectiveness of different preharvest and postharvest treatments on orange fruit quality. The chapter also provides background information on production, socioeconomic importance, and constraints to orange production in Tanzania.