A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Science in Human Resource Management (MSc-HRM) of Mzumbe University.The study on Challenges and Complexities Hindering Effective Social Security in Tanzania was conducted in PPF. The objectives of the study were; to evaluate the Challenges and Complexities Hindering Effective Social Security and to investigate strategies to increase provision of Effective Social Security in Tanzania. A sample of 60 respondents was used. Questionnaires and in-depth interview were used to collect data. Secondary data were collected by using documentary analysis. The study found that majority of the respondents (60%) stated that Benefit formula is one of the Challenges and Complexities Hindering Effective Social Security in Tanzania, also it found that out of 40 employees, 27 (67.5%) stated that AIDS is another Challenge and Complexity that Hinders Effective Social Security. Moreover, the study found that majority of the respondents (65%) identified service waiting time as a challenge in receiving services. Furthermore, the study found out of that out of 60 respondents, 24 (40%) asserted that responsiveness on service provision will increase customers’ satisfaction. The study concluded that PPF has Challenges and Complexities Hindering Effective Social Security in terms of Benefit formula and AIDS disease. Also, it was concluded that PPF does not provide services on time; service waiting time is a major challenge for customers in receiving services. The study recommended that employees should be trained properly before being put into the work; also it was recommended that PPF should enhance the research activities so that they can observe and recognize the customers’ needs and wants.