A Compulsory Research Report submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Award of Bachelor of Laws (LLB) Degree of Mzumbe UniversityThis study examines International Humanitarian Law Principles and Challenges Posed by Modern Warfare. The study was conducted in some parts of Dar es Salaam and Morogoro. The employed respondents from whom responses of the study came from were Twenty (20). Extraction of responses from the foregoing respondents was achieved by employment of interviews and questionnaire survey. On the other hand, analysis of the responses obtained from methods of collecting primary data and that of the secondary data was done by using qualitative method. The study found out that, the modern warfare has put lives of civilians and their objectives jeopardized, and further that, Geneva Convention and its protocols stand at defeat against the modern welfare. The advanced reasoning was that, the Geneva Convention did not contemplate about the use of autonomous weapons. So that being a case, the Convention is simply out of date. In the end, the study recommends, among others, control of production since as of now most of the biological weapons manufactured by the technological industries are indiscriminate.