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Background: Hypertension is public health problem and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is also associated with adult mortality and is ranked third as a cause of disability-adjusted life years. But data on the magnitude and risk factors for hypertension are scarce, while awareness, treatment and control rates are still very low especially in Low and Middle income countries.
Methodology: Secondary data analysis of a community- based cross-sectional study design conducted in Magu District Mwanza from 7th December 2012 to 31st July 2013.All individuals aged 15 and above were included in the study and information on their socio-demographic, economic and risk factors for hypertension were used. Measurements of their blood pressure, blood sugar , pulse rate, body weight, height and waist circumference were also analyzed. Data were transferred from CSpro to STATA version 12 software for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with hypertension, odds ratio with their 95% CI were used to measure the strength of association between independent and dependent variables. P-Value of < 0.05 was used as a cutoff point for statistically significant. Frequencies and percentages were used to determine the awareness, treatment and control rates among hypertensive participants.
Results ; The overall pre-hypertension and hypertension prevalence was found to be 36.2% and 8.0%.Higher among female compared to male (8.2% vs 7.7%).In multivariate analysis age increase was associated with increase in hypertension(P<0.001), while compared with male subjects women had lower odds of hypertension(OR=0.64 ; 95% CI 0.52-0.79) .Separated/Divorced participants (OR=1.67;95%CI 1.09-2.55), Overweight and Obese individuals had higher risk of hypertension(OR=1.89 ; 95% CI 1.46-2.42 and OR=3.71 ; 95% CI 2.64-5.25) individuals in a 3rd tertile of waist circumference (OR=1.40 ; 95% CI 1.11-1.76) compared with the 1st tertile, diabetic (OR=2.16 ; 95% CI 1.02-4.56) and HIV positive were found to have lower odds of hypertension with(OR=0.55 ; 95% CI 0.38-0.76).Alcohol consumption, smoking cigarrete, physical in activities, occupation and residence were not associated with the risk of hypertension. Awareness, treatment and control rates among hypertensive participants were all less than 10%, and in all three management aspect of hypertension, compared to male women were more aware, currently on treatment and have hypertension control.
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Conclusion ; Prevalence of hypertension obtained in Magu was much lower compared to other studies done in Tanzania although pre-hypertensive cases are still high. Clinical factors and lifestyle factors such as overweight and obesity were the major associated factors for hypertension. Awareness, treatment and control rates are still very low .There for more efforts are needed in developing programs that will help in awareness increase, treatment and control of hypertension. As now SSA countries are faced with double burden of diseases, primary prevention is more cost-effective strategy to follow.
Keywords: Hypertension, Prevalence, Risk factors, Awareness, Treatment, Control. |
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