Background: Vaginal delivery after previous caesarean section for a non-recurring indication is safe and its success rate is 60-85% in well- selected patients. Despite the goal a10-15% caesarean section rate recommended by the WHO established in 2014, the caesarean section has continue to increase dramatically in both developed and developing countries. Achieving a successful vaginal birth after previous caesarean section is an important strategy in reducing the rising rate of caesarean section and its associated maternal and infant morbidity as well as increased economic burden placed on the health care system. Methodology: This will be a hospital-based case control study which will be conducted to identify a success rate and factors associated with successful vaginal birth after caesarean section in a tertiary hospital in northern Tanzania. Cases will be those women with one previous scar who tried vaginal birth with a goal to have vaginal birth. Control will be those women with one previous scar who tried vaginal birth but delivered by caesarean section. The source of the data will be from KCMC birth registry. A sample size and sampling technique will be a double proportion sampling technique using SPSS version 20 then transfer to STATA version 13 software for analysis. The sample size will be calculated to get a minimum OR of 2 among cases over control with 95% CI; and power of 80%. Justification: This study will provide an estimate of success rate of VBAC in this tertiary hospital and factors associated with. Through the finding from this study hopefully will enable the department of OBGY to produce a local uniform tool which will be used during counseling and managing those pregnant women with previous surgical delivery, hence leading to a decrease in the CS rate at KCMC which at the moment is dramatically increasing daily with about 44.9%.