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Introduction: The use of antibiotics plays a critical role in reducing the morbidity and mortality due to communicable diseases. However, the emergence and spread of resistance to many of these agents are negating their effectiveness. Despite limited laboratory capacity to monitor AMR, available data suggest that the African Region shares the worldwide trend of increasing drug resistance (Ndihokubwayo et al, 2013).The trends of antibiotic resistance are alarmingly increasing as it has been seen and documented by some researchers recently in sub Saharan Africa (Kariuki and Dougan, 2014), and it is nowadays spreading into our communities (Onken et al., 2015).
Objective: To determine the trend of antibiotic resistance at KCMC over the period from 2007 to 2012.
Methodology: This was a retrospective cross sectional analytical hospital based study conducted at Clinical Laboratory department at KCMC Referral hospital in Kilimanjaro Tanzania for antibiotics tested for resistance from 2007 to 2012. Data was collected and extracted from registered antibiotic pattern files obtained in the Clinical Research laboratory archives. The data was processed manually and with the aid of computer statistical program whereby SPSS 20 was used for data analysis.
Results: A total of 3,367 sample results of culture and sensitivity were analysed for the period 2007 to 2012. The most commonly used antibiotic was ciprofloxacin (690)20.49%, followed by gentamycin (687) 20.40%. Nitrofurantoin and cefoxin were least used antibiotics for the course of study period (21)0.62% and (63)1.87% respectively. Highest resistance was noted to be in 2011, 41.3% by cotrimoxazole. Overall resistance appears to decrease with time from 57.1% to 29.4% in 2007 to 2012 respectively.
Conclusion: There was a gradual decrease of trend of resistance over the course of study period from 2007 to 2012. |
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