Following the 1998 National Forest Policy and the Forest Act of 2002, participatory forest management is being introduced in Tanzania. PFM has been proposed as a way of both protecting Tanzania's forests and reducing rural poverty. In this paper we analyse villagers' perceptions of the effectiveness of PFM in Tanzania, using household and village level survey data collected from two regions. Preliminary findings indicate that men, larger households, and those households that have their own source of fuelwood are more likely to perceive a particular PFM initiative as successful.