The growing importance of the natural gas market domestically and internationally creates an urgent need to build a metrology infrastructure to provide industry and society with accurate and reliable measurements; this study has contributed to that goal. The study addresses immense roles of metrology infrastructure in the development of energy sector and the economy in Tanzania. It also assesses the core significance of metrology infrastructures to natural gas from production to consumption and its impact on the economy. The study analyses the specific metrological requirements, traceability framework, national metrology policy, legal metrology and legislation that should be integrated in the energy sector in Tanzania.