The purpose of this study was to explore the contribution of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in community development based on selected companies in Mwanza City, Tanzania. CSR is argued to create social development in the community but little is known on its extent in the contribution of social-economic development among communities in Tanzania. Accordingly, the study advanced three specific research objectives, namely (i) to explore the CSR initiatives being undertaken by selected companies in Mwanza city (ii) to explore success factors among selected companies in Mwanza City after practicing CSR and (iii) to assess factors influencing CSR implementation among selected companies in Mwanza City.Corporate Accountability Theory (CAT) was used to underpin the study and to explore the stated objectives. The study employed a qualitative research approach-a case study design where each selected company was considered as a separate case. Subsequently, a purposive sampling design was used to select companies, only those who were participating in CSR and one manager responsible for CSR activities were interviewed usingsemi-structured interview questions. Data collected were transcribed, coded, and analyzed in themes. The findings revealed that education, health projects, and games project were among the most projects implemented as CSR that contribute to the development of community development. Projects such as clean water supply, maintenance of infrastructure, and sanitation were least implemented under CSR. Among the success factors of CSR include that a company’s acceptance in the community, positive goodwill, and good relationship. Finally, the study found varied factors that influenced the implementation of CSR initiatives to include increased customer base, gaining competitive advantage, instilling the culture of loving the company, and supporting the government to meet its objectives. This study is important as is expected to enhance other companies to practice CSR to tap the varied potential benefits.