This dissertation examines the law and practice of the rental regulation and protection of residential tenants in Tanzania. This raised the concern after observing complaints on the rental regime from landlords and the law was amended to fit the current social, political and economical situations. The rental regime in Tanzania incorporated the requirement of landlords to apply for an order of the court claiming for vacant possession whenever there was breach of any covenant in the lease agreement. In 2005, the Rent Restriction Act of 1984 which was the main law regulating residential rental was repealed. The amendments were made in the Land Act, 1999 to the effect that the landlords will no longer have to go to court to legally evict tenants but giving of notice is enough. The amendment further allows distress of rent, and gave mandate to landlords to determine rent charged. The findings of this study shows that , the law strikes a balance between the interests of landlords and that of the landlords .