This research report presents a study done in the Central District of Zanzibar. The study was conducted in four Shehias; Chwaka, Marumbi, Uroa and Pongwe Pwani. The aim of the research was to study the factors leading to primary school dropout in the Central Zanzibar District. The specific objective of the study was to explore social factors leading to pupil’s dropout; to identify school factors leading to pupil’s dropout, to examine if the new primary curriculum motivates pupils to stay in school until the completion of basic education circle as well as to analyze the roles of the teachers in preventing pupils drop out. The study involved 102 respondents. The study employed mixed method approach to collect data from the respondents. Thus, data were collected by using un-structured interview, questionnaire techniques and focus group discussion. The findings of the study revealed that there are several factors that contribute to the dropout among primary school in the Central District of Zanzibar such as Child Labour, teen pregnancies, the existence of the market place, and some tradition among society. Other factors are grade repetitions; truancy as well as the existence of curriculum which do not fulfills socioeconomic needs. The study finally provides teacher’s roles in preventing pupils from dropout in the Central District of Zanzibar.