The main purpose of this study was to critically examine the influence of physical learning environment on academic performance in public schools in Ilemela district. The study objectives were to examine effect of physical facilities on academic performance, to assess how instructional materials can promote to academic performance, to examine how class size can promote to academic performance, to determine how school environment effect academic performance. The research employed mixed research approach where by both quantitative and qualitative approaches and procedures were used interchangeably. The sample in this study was 140 respondents who were taken from 4 sampled schools. The researcher used questionnaires, and focused group discussion to collect data. Data was obtained and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer package and thematic analysis. The data used descriptive statistics and the findings were presented by the use of frequency tables, graphs and pie charts. The study found out that, most of the schools in Ilemela district they are still facing different challenges among them they lack enough physical facilities such as enough number of the class rooms, laboratories and libraries also schools have problem of enough instructional materials such as text books the study findings show that most of the school’s student share text book. Through the findings researcher come up with the recommendation that physical facilities should be improved in the area to enhance students’ academic performance. Government and community should provide instructional materials to all school. Government and stakeholders should sit down and set the standards of the classes that are supposed to be built in the schools. Also schools should be allocated in different areas from the community activities.