This study assesses the effects of the continued expansion of human and livestock populations in the Mbalika wetland corridor of Lake Victoria in Misungwi district, Mwanza. A sample of 200 respondents comprising agro-pastoralists and indigenous small-holder farmers as a control group was used to gather data from a field survey. Further, the study used GIS and Remote Sensing in quantifying and mapping land use land cover in the study area between 1984/85 and 2012 in order to detect the changes that have taken place between these periods. Subsequently, an attempt was made to project the observed land use land cover in the next 15 years with the help of a transition probability matrix. The study found out that the rapid and excessive in-migration of agro-pastoralists from the drought hit neighboring areas had a more adverse effect on the carrying capacity and sustainability of the wetland as compared to the indigenous small-scale farmers. Consequences determined include a dramatic rate of deforestation and environmental degradation resulting from anthropogenic activities [2,816 (0.77%) hectares of forest and 470 (15.3%) hectares of wetland vegetation were lost over the time period] thus making environmental conservation a daunting task. Projections indicate that the wetland will have been turned into an agricultural land by a probability of 0.5553 by 2027. This study suggests the need for appropriate land rights policies and education to address the existing problems. Among the viable and imperative options include streamlining overstocking, agricultural malpractices, indiscriminate tree felling, extraction of fuel wood and charcoal production, boosting agroforestry practices and monitoring the threatened wetland areas periodically