This is a history of the preservation of historical monuments in Zanzibar Stone Town, a case of the urban district from the 1800s to 1980s. The study was conducted at four Shehias, Malindi, Kiponda, Mkunazini, and Shangani. The specific objectives are to identify key players in the preservation of historical monuments in Stone Town and their roles, to identify strategies applied by key players in the preservation of monuments in Stone Town and to identify challenges which face monuments in Stone Town as well as to suggest what the measures should be taken to improve such challenges in the preservation of monuments in Zanzibar Stone Town. The study employed mixed method approach in the collection of data from 53 respondents. Thus, data were collected by using unstructured interviews, focus group discussion, observation and documentary analysis. The findings of the study show that there are several attempts in the preservation of historical monuments in Urban District in Zanzibar Stone Town such as restoration, the government should propose a budget for the preservation, provision seminar, and workshop for the construction awareness of the community, provide training for the residents. The study finally provides the solutions in preserving monuments in Zanzibar Stone Town.