The study investigated the Catholic Missionary‟s Education as an Agent of Socio Economic Transformation in Luguru Society, 1882 - 1960. The study was carried out in the current Matombo, Mvomero and Morogoro municipality formally known as Morogoro district. The study intended to explore the evolution and development of Catholic missionary education system, to investigate the ways through which Catholic missionaries utilized education for changing the indigenous‟ socio-economic conditions and to examine the socio-economic changes created by Catholic missionary education in Uluguru land. This study was guided by Underdevelopment theory postulated by Walter Rodney. The theory provided the perspective for analyzing the findings in the light of the objectives of the study. The study employed historical design and qualitative approach where documentary, in depth interviews and observation methods were used to collect data. The study revealed that the Holy Ghost Fathers missionaries who were the main providers of western education in colonial Uluguru society, created proletariat and peasant classes among the indigenous people. Besides, the study demonstrated that many Waluguru who attended catholic missionary education were converted to the Catholic Christian faith which obliged them to renounce their traditional cultural practices so as to be able to fit in the new western oriented faith. Thus, traditional African values such as ancestral sacrifice, initiation ceremonies, traditional marriages and traditional priests change. Consequently, church liturgy, Catholic indigenous priests, and catechists emerged among others. The study concluded that Catholic missionary education as an ideological apparatus was vital to the reinforcement of colonial exploitative structure in Uluguru. Moreover, as they used education as a means for proselytization, missionaries provided a very poor education, causing their students to be ill-equipped for future socio-economic development.