This study was about coffee production and its impact on the indigenous people of Moshi rural from 1890s to 2018. Its specific objectives were; to examine the historical background of Moshi rural and to trace its historical trends of coffee production from 1890s to 2018, to examine the government intervention towards coffee production in Moshi rural in the period under review and factor for the decline from 1960s to 2018 and to examine how the indigenous people were impacted by coffee production in Moshi rural from 1890s to 2018. This study was guided by the mode of production theory. Data for this study were collected through archival sources, oral interview and secondary sources. Findings exposed that before the introduction of coffee production in Moshi rural, indigenous people used to produce food crops such as banana, yams, maize, beans, pumpkin and eleusine. Together with engaging in agricultural activities, they also engaged in animal husbandry and artisan activities. Coffee production in Moshi rural started from 1890s due to availability of fertile land and adequate rainfall. The production of coffee in Moshi rural was achieved because of policies introduced by the states. Through the production of coffee, the people of Moshi rural were able to have employment, and social services. Furthermore, coffee production in Moshi rural affected the economy of the indigenous people as it transformed their economy from independent to dependent economy. Recommendation has been given for other researchers to study on coffee production within Moshi rural so as to reveal more facts about the impact of coffee production to the local people of Moshi rural.