Journal ArticleE-learning system is a form of teaching and learning in which a virtual learning environment is created which provide a smooth transfer of knowledge content between tutor and learner or learner and learner in which an Internet is acting as a medium of networking (wired or wireless) between communicating digital devises and learning sessions may be either synchronous or asynchronous. The objective of this paper is to assess the extent to which e-learning systems have adopted in the public and private universities in Tanzania and its associated challenges by randomly reviewing the past research studies and analysing contents contained in an official website of universities. This research found that the adoption of e-learning systems in Tanzania’s Universities is still very low, at about 46% of universities have adopted e-learning systems for both Public and Private Universities with 75% of e-learning application software being Moodle based. Also, the finding show that the e-learning systems’ adoption are facing with several challenges including ICT Infrastructure, ICT Policy, ICT Training to mention the few, however there are several interventions which had been taken including introduction of new National ICT Policy, Rise of data operators. This snapshot is useful to provoke for more academic enquiry in Tanzania and developing world at large to find the best model for e-learning systems adoption. The findings also have the potential to policy makers, universities and other stakeholder to understand the rate of e-learning adoption in order to justify the total investment based on that technology.