A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN A PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOKOINE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE. MOROGORO, TANZANIA.Farmer-pastoralist conflicts have been reported in many parts of Africa, often presented as being driven by resource scarcity. In Tanzania, the two groups have for a long time, found themselves in deadly clashes, most of which resulted in loss of lives and destruction of properties. The main resources causing the conflicts are water, land and pasture. This study is therefore conducted to assess the extent of climate change induced farmer-pastoralist conflict in Kilosa District. A cross-sectional research design is adopted for this study. A simple random sampling technique was used to select wards and villages which are home to farmers and pastoralists. A total sample size of 120 respondents was drawn.Data were mainly collected using the questionnaire survey. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) and excel program were used in analysing the data. Findings show that climate change, land and water resources were the major sources of farmers- pastoralists’ conflict in Kilosa District. The study found out that prolonged drought, lack of grazing land and cattle thefts are among reasons for farmer-pastoralist conflict. The study concludes that there is conflict between farmers and pastoralists due to scarce resources, particularly water, land and pasture. Based on the findings, various stakeholders including the government, non-governmental organisation (NGOs) and communities should identify new, and improve existing strategies for the conservation and management of natural resources.