The importance of selected soil properties with respect to occurrence of plague vectors and reservoirs was studied in Lushoto District, Tanzania. Plague reservoirs showed significant correlation (p<0.05) with subsoil percent clay, topsoil percent total nitrogen, topsoil C/N, topsoil pH and topsoil DTPA extractable Cu. Plague vectors’ occurrence showed significant correlation (p<0.05) with effective soil depth, topsoil percent total nitrogen, topsoil C/N, subsoil percent organic carbon and with topsoil DTPA extractable Zn. It is recommended that plague disease control should also employ knowledge on relationships between soil properties and plague reservoirs and vectors.RUFORUM