Masters ThesisThe overall objective of the study was to assess the contribution of SUA Training Forest to adjacent local communities and forest product customers in Olmotonyi, Arusha. Purposive sampling was used to select two villages (Timbolo and Shiboro) with the longest boundary to the forest among the four villages. A cross-sectional survey design was employed where a total number of 90 respondents were randomly selected and interviewed using household questionnaire. Key informant’s information was collected and two focus group discussions comprising of 16 discussants in both groups with Farmers and Livestock keepers from Shiboro Village. Data was analyzed by Gross Margin Analysis, Net Revenues and Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression model using the Statistical Package for Social Science 24.0 (SPSS) Software and Microsoft Excel. The findings revealed that, the farmers gained 4% of the overall profit of Forest interactions, the livestock keepers gained 55% and the traders had a gain of 41% of the overall gross profit from the socio-economic activities. Pesticides, Household size, Pasture loads collected, Access to markets and Fertilizer application were found to be significant factors influencing local communities depending on the Forest resource at a 5% probability level (p<0.05). The Social Cost to the households and forest product customers accounted for the conservation actions to the resource which was TZS 5 693 600/= per year. Moreover, 38% of the forest product customers preferred the Pinus patula species and 55% purchased timber from the SUA Training Forest for construction purposes. The SUA Training Forest Overall Net profit was TZS 540 501 089.90/= from the sales of the Forest products to the customers. Generally, the SUA Training Forest resources are of high benefit to both adjacent local communities and beyond. It is recommended that modalities should be sought to capacitate sustainable utilization of the scarce and valuable resource.