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Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection that can be acquired by humans
from infected animals' meat, urine, body fluids, aborted materials, unpasteurized milk,
and milk products or contaminated environment. Mathematical models for infectious
diseases have been used as important tools in providing useful information regarding the
transmission and effectiveness of the available control strategies. In this paper, a review
of the available compartmental mathematical models for Brucellosis was done. The main
purpose was to assess their structure, populations involved, the available control
strategies and suitability in predicting the disease incidence and prevalence in different
settings. Diversities have been observed in the reviewed mathematical models; some
models incorporated seasonal variations in a single animal population, some ignored the
contributions of the contaminated environment while others considered the cattle or
sheep population only. Most of the models reviewed have not considered the contribution
of wild animals in the dynamics of Brucellosis. Some models do not match the real
situation in most affected areas like sub-Saharan African region and Asian countries
where wild animals, cattle and small ruminants share grazing areas and water points.
Thus, to avoid unreliable results, this review reveals the need to affirm and incorporate
wild animals, livestock, humans and seasonal weather parameters in the spread of
Brucellosis and in planning for its controls. |
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