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Anemia is a global health problem affecting most developing countries. We examined
the prevalence of anemia and its predictors among children under 5 years of age in Arusha
District, Tanzania. Random sampling technique was used to identify 436 children aged 6–59
months. Anemia status was assessed by measuring hemoglobin concentration from blood sample
obtained from a finger prick and HemoCue® Hb 201+ photometer. Demographic information
and dietary intake data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Anemia cut-off points
were defined according to World Health Organization standards for children aged 6–59 months.
Logistic regression using backward procedure was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) at 95%
confidence intervals (CIs). Prevalence rate of anemia among under-fives was found to be 84.6%
(n=369). Multivariable logistic regression identified the following predictors of anemia; low
birth weight (adjusted OR (AOR): 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–3.8), not consuming meat (AOR: 6.4, 95%
CI: 3.2–12.9), not consuming vegetables (AOR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.1), drinking milk (AOR:
2.5, 95% CI: 1.1–5.2), and drinking tea (AOR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.5–13.7). It was concluded that
low birth weight and dietary factors (ie, low or nonconsumption of iron-rich foods like meat,
vegetables, and fruits) were predictors of anemia among under-five children living in this rural
setting. Community education on exclusive breastfeeding and introduction of complementary
foods should be improved. Mothers and caretakers should be educated about nutrition, in
general, as well as potential use of micronutrient powder to improve the nutritional quality of complementary foods. |
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