Increasing demand for fuels and chemicals, driven by factors including over population, the threat of global warming and the scarcity of fossil resources, strain our resource system and make necessary the development of sustainable and innovative strategies for the chemical industry. The strain upon which our resource system is under drives industry to increase its overall efficiency by improving existing processes or finding new uses for waste. Food supply chain waste emerged as a resource with a significant potential to be employed as raw material for the production of fuels and chemicals given the abundant volumes globally generated, its contained diversity of functionalised chemical components and the opportunity to be utilised for higher value applications. The present manuscript is aimed to provide a general overview of current and most innovative uses of food supply chain waste, providing a range of worldwide case studies from around the globe. These studies will focus on examples illustrating the use of citrus peel, waste cooking oil and cashew shell nut liquid in countries such as China, UK, Tanzania, Spain, Greece or Morocco. This work emphasises 2nd generation food waste valorisation and re-use strategies for the production of higher value and marketable products rather than conventional food waste processing (incineration for energy recovery, feed or composting) while highlighting issues linked to the use of food waste as a sustainable raw material. Influence of food regulations on food supply chain waste valorisation will also be addressed as well as our society’s behavior towards food supply chain waste