Full text can be accessed at http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/np0340549Three new naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, the 7,3'-coupled ancistrotanzanine C (6), the 5,1'-coupled O-methylancistrocladinine (7), and the likewise 5,1'-coupled O,N-dimethylancistrocladine (8, previously known only as a partial-synthetic compound), have been isolated from the highland liana Ancistrocladus tanzaniensis, along with the two known 7,3'-coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids ancistrocladidine (4) and ancistrotectorine (5). All of the compounds are S-configured at C-3 and bear an oxygen at C-6, and thus belong to the so-called Ancistrocladaceae type, similar to 1-3 previously isolated from this newly discovered plant species. The structural elucidation was achieved by chemical, spectroscopic, and chiroptical methods. The biological activities of the alkaloids against the pathogens causing malaria tropica, leishmaniasis, Chagas' disease, and African sleeping sickness were evaluated.