Full text can be accessed at http://www.popline.org/node/311352The Tanzania Health and Demographic Survey (TDHS) conducted in 1991/92 shows that 18.5% of Tanzanian households are headed by women. Using the TDHS household questionnaire data, logit regression model analysis have shown that female heads of households are older and less educated than the male heads of households. The models have also shown that female headed households are smaller in size and have fewer adult males than the male headed ones. Female headed households are over-represented in urban areas.