The aim of this study was to investigate the types, levels and distribution of pesticide residues in water in Lake Tanganyika basin, Tanzania. Water samples were collected from Kigoma region during April and June and analysed for pesticide residues. The pesticides and metabolites detected were p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE and p,p’-DDD. The concentrations of total DDT in water were up to 200 and 221 ng/L in lakes and rivers, respectively. The ratios of (p,p’- DDE + p,p’-DDD)/p,p’-DDT indicate recent inputs in most samples. The study reveals that there is recent use of DDT in the region. Continued use of DDT indicates concerns and risks for public and environmental health. The area therefore needs serious environmental monitoring.Sida-University of Dar es Salaam Food Security Programme