Dissertation (MA Demography)The study on the assessment of the challenges of modern methods for family planning in lowering fertility rate among female in Kasulu District was carried out within four villages namely Kidyama, Kabanga, Mrubona and Nyasha. Specifically the study aimed to identify popular modern family planning methods used in Kasulu District, assess the identified modern methods adoption rate in reducing fertility and identify challenges associated with the use of modern methods for family planning in the study area. Focus Group Discussion, face to face questionnaire and households‘ interview were used in data collection. A total of 125 respondents were involved in the study. The information obtained was then analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) and qualitative information was analyzed using content analysis. Field result indicated that, between 19990-1999 there was low use (8%) and or adoption of contraceptives on the study area. The reasons for low adoption include cultural factors, religious factors. Between 2000 and 2005 the adoption increased to 48%, reasons behind the increase of contraceptive adoption include information flow through mass media, magazines, newspapers and free provision of contraceptive services at hospitals and dispensaries by the government and seminars‘ by the service providers during clinic time. From 2006 to 2010 the adoption decreased up to 36%, this was due to the negative impacts resulting from modern contraception such as excessive bleeding, loss of weight and infertility among women who use contraceptives. From 2011 to date the low adoption went on decreasing up to 8%, the reasons for low adoption include oppositions from their husbands, negative impacts, preaching against contraception done by religious leaders and general information flow from mass media. Therefore, the study recommends that health workers such as doctors and nurses should be well equipped with up-to-date skills and knowledge on provision of modern methods for family planning services particularly modern contraceptive use among these societies, improving the health welfare department by providing them enough equipments such as condoms, pills and injection to the hospitals and dispensaries with free charge.