Dissertation (MSC Natural Resources Management)This study focused on investigating institutional dimensions in management of small-scale mining: A case of Winza Ruby Mining at Mpwapwa district by looking on the managerial aspects and awareness of small-scale miners on mining policies and laws, examine the factors influencing informal and illegal SSM, investigate the environmental impacts of SSM and law enforcement mechanism towards execution of monitoring and evaluation of environmental plan, and examine the challenges and prospects in the management of SSM. Using data collected from ground survey and questionnaires through SPSS and Microsoft excel it was established that; managerial aspects are in place but what came out was inadequate implementation. The awareness of SSMi on mining laws and policies was found to be law and therefore, awareness creation is of paramount to local miners. Even though the data revealed the decreased number of miners in Winza ruby mining, there still potentials for the livelihoods of small-scale miners not explored at the moment. Deforestation, pollution (land, air, water and sound) are the challenges pointed out by the respondents. From the findings it may be concluded that the Government policies on mining are often confused and inconsistent, and frequently favor or focus on large-scale mining. Government neglect of the SSM sector can be costly to governments in administrative, financial, political, and environmental terms. Thus the study recommends the government on; creation of small-scale mining policy, provision of knowledge mining based, and financial support, reopening of STAMICO, decentralization of mining licenses acquisition and the increased budget of the ministry of energy and minerals.