Dissertation (MA Public Administration)The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of trade unions in safeguarding employee rights taking as a case study the Tanzania Union of Industrial and Commercial Workers (TUICO) at Nyakato Steel Mill (2001) Limited Mwanza. The objectives of the study were; to provide an overview of TUICO and Employee rights at Nyakato Steel Mill (2001) Limited, and to examine the existing structures on which TUICO is operating in collective bargain at Nyakato Steel Mill (2001) Limited Mwanza. To assess the effectiveness of the leadership of the trade union in safeguarding employees rights at Nyakato Steel Mill. The study findings reveal that trade union (TUICO) have so far failed to achieve its objective of promoting and protecting the interests of its members at Nyakato Steel Mill (2001) Limited, which are to improve the standard of living for all its members and defend their rights and interests through collective bargaining agreements and negotiation, also to make sure that its members are being paid reasonably and works in a friendly and good working environment. The study recommends that Government should be more committed and by coming up with more stringent laws and regulations on industrial relations, also other stakeholder Employers and should adhere to those laws and regulations, also trade union leadership at national regional level should provide full support to trade union leaders at Zonal and Regional Office so as to enable them to penetrate to the field to recruit more members as well as servicing their current member well also management should involve trade unions leaders when dealing with matters relating to employee‟s rights. The management and trade union leaders and employees should work together in order to bring about harmonious working condition trade.