Dissertation (MA Public Administration)This research was conducted at Morogoro Municipality. The study focused on the Performance of human resources management (HRM) practices in public and private sectors in Tanzania. The research objectives were: To determine HR practices in public and private sector organizations. To assess performance of HR practices in Public and Private sector organizations and to identify factors contributing to HR performance in public and private sector organizations. Both secondary and primary data collection methods were used in data collection. The primary data collection methods were direct observation, Questionnaire Method and interviews. A total of 70 respondents were selected from both public and private sector organizations of which 20 were doctors (5 from each sector) and 50 normal workers. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and presented in terms of tables, figures and narrations to present the processed information. The results of the findings revealed that, HR managers, doctors and normal workers in Public Sector Organizations get shorter hours and earn more money than their private sector counterparts; they are more qualified and more skilled. Though, those doctors and nurses who have degree get paid better in the private sectors. In public sector workers get employed somewhere within a pay band, and have annual increments up to the top, after which your pay is capped this is contrary to private sector. The study finally posed policy oriented recommendations to responsible actors, which call for future improvements of issues related to performance of HR managers, doctors and normal workers. Further, necessary steps have to be taken in order to provide education for raising awareness through training and motivating workers and doctors.