Dissertation (MSc Midwifery)Background: It is estimated that 1 million babies die each year due to birth asphyxia. Birth asphyxia is the inability of a new born baby to breathe immediately after birth. Globally, it is approximated that 10 million babies cannot do it by themselves and need assistance. Helping babies breathe is a key component to reducing neonatal mortality due to birth asphyxia. Methods: A quantitative approach by using a cross-sectional design was used. A total of 330 respondents were included in the study. Simple random sampling by lottery was used to select the 2 regions and health facilities. The participants for the study were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected using standard semi-structured questionnaire. Chi-square and Binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Results: Out of 330 participants, 42.4% (n=140) had adequate knowledge, 32.4% (n=107) had adequate practice, while 57.6 % (n= 190) had inadequate knowledge and 67.6% 67.6% (n=223) had inadequate practice. Medical professionals working in hospital (AOR 3.227, P< 0.001) and (AOR 43.807, P<0.001) were more likely to have adequate knowledge and practice than those working in Health Centres; EN were (AOR 3.118,P<0.05) more likely to have adequate knowledge than AMO/MD; 1 year & > experience was (AOR=15.418,P<0.001) more likely to have adequate practice than those < 1 year of experience in labour ward; those who attended 1 (AOR=1.778,P<0.05) and more than 1 (AOR =3.102,P<0.05) adequate knowledge than those who had never attended enough equipment (AOR=4.355, P<0.001) had adequate practice than with no enough equipment. Conclusion: The knowledge and practice on HBB were inadequate even though there was an ongoing programme of HBB. There is a need to find effective measures on how to sustain knowledge and practice on HBB and to reduce those factors which affect knowledge and practice on HBB.