Dissertation (MA Public Administration)This study assessed the effectiveness of the VLCs in land disputes resolution. It was conducted in Siha district, Kilimanjaro region. The study aimed at assessing how effective the Village Land Councils are in land disputes resolution in the villages. Although a number of VLCs have been established in the district as per the requirements of land laws, still there was an increase of land conflicts in the district. Specifically, the study aimed at realizing the following objectives; to provide an overview of land conflicts, to determine the technical capacity of the VLCs in land conflict resolution, to identify the challenges facing the VLCs and the measures of strengthening their effectiveness. Methodologically, the study applied a cross sectional research design, and the data were collected through questionnaire and interview for primary data, where as the secondary data were collected through documentary review. A total number of 113 respondents equals to 80.7% of the target were successfully able to respond. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively assisted by a computer program known as Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) as well as excel program where necessary. About 90% of the study findings indicate that lack of technical skills, knowledge and financial supports from the government authorities affects negatively the operations of the VLCs. It is recommended therefore to the responsible authorities to provide the required supports to the VLCs mainly trainings, administrative and financial supports so that they may improve their performance. The Ministry of Land and Human Settlements which is the custodian of land issues should establish monitoring and evaluation mechanism on the implementation of land laws in the country.