Abstract. Full Text Chapter available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780429019234/chapters/10.4324/9780429019234-9This chapter revisits the tension between Muslims and Christians in Tanzania. Although Tanzania is often associated with mutual co-existence between Muslims and Christians, there have been incidents that threaten human security in the country. The chapter particularly focuses on tensions over the right to slaughter animals and poultry, paying much attention to the 2013 incidences in Buseresere in Geita region. It notes that while there is a law which specifies where and how slaughtering should take place, as well as fees to be payable to persons slaughtering animals or birds, there is no law which states who has the right to slaughter such animals or birds, let alone from which religious affiliation. This legal lacuna has at times left it open for religious groups to compete over the right to slaughter animals and poultry. In order to accomplish this endeavour, this chapter relies largely on the analysis of legal materials as well as interviews of key stakeholders. The chapter demonstrates the need for tolerance and dialogue in order to promote human security.