Dissertation (MA Public Administration)The study focused on examining the implementation of administrative decentralization in Mbozi District Council, Tanzania. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the components of Administrative decentralization in Tanzania, to examine how Mbozi District Council implement decentralization particularly Human resource management component, to examine the influence of administrative decentralization in the performance of the Council and to examine challenges for effective implementation of District Council‟s roles. The cross-sectional study used both secondary and primary data. The sample consisted of 75, 1 District Chair Person of the Council, 10 Councilors, 1 District Executive Director, 13 Heads of Departments and 50 supporting Staffs. Data collection methods used was survey and interviews. Tools used were questionnaire and interview guide. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and the processed were presented in frequencies and percentages in Tables and figures mainly pie chart and bar graph for interpretation of the findings. The research finding indicates that the council has limited power in managing human resources especially in making recruitment, selection, promotion, transferring, developing and firing their personnel. It can be concluded that limited power and authority of the Council in making recruitment, selection, promotion, transfer, developing and firing their personnel affect negatively the implementation of administrative decentralization in Tanzania. Nevertheless, the study recommended that, the central government should give local government authorities more power and authority financially and politically as stipulated in the policy paper on local government reform of 1998.