Application of the Kilimanjaro Concept in Reversing Seawater Intrusion and Securing Water Supply in Zanzibar, Tanzania

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dc.creatorPembe-Ali, Zuleikha
dc.creatorMwamila, Tulinave
dc.creatorLufingo, Mesia
dc.creatorGwenzi, Willis
dc.creatorMarwa, Janeth
dc.creatorRwiza, Mwemezi
dc.creatorLugodisha, Innocent
dc.creatorQi, Qinwen
dc.creatorNoubactep, Chicgoua
dc.date2021-08-04T11:46:48Z
dc.date2021-08-04T11:46:48Z
dc.date2021-07-30
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-25T09:13:51Z
dc.date.available2022-10-25T09:13:51Z
dc.descriptionThis research article published by MDPI, 2021
dc.descriptionThere is escalating salinity levels on small islands due to uncontrolled groundwater extraction. Conventionally, this challenge is addressed by adopting optimal groundwater pumping strategies. Currently, on Unguja Island (Zanzibar), urban freshwater is supplied by desalination, which is expensive and energy-intensive. Hence, desalinization cannot be afforded by rural communities. This study demonstrates that the innovative Kilimanjaro Concept (KC), based on rainwater harvesting (RWH) can remediate seawater intrusion in Unguja, while enabling a universal safe drinking water supply. The reasoning is rooted in the water balance of the whole island. It is shown that if rainwater is systematically harvested, quantitatively stored, and partly infiltrated, seawater intrusion will be reversed, and a universal safe drinking water supply will be secured. Water treatment with affordable technologies (e.g., filtration and adsorption) is suggested. The universality of KC and its suitability for small islands is demonstrated. Future research should focus on pilot testing of this concept on Unguja Island and other island nations.
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dc.identifierApplication of the Kilimanjaro Concept in Reversing Seawater Intrusion and Securing Water Supply in Zanzibar, Tanzania
dc.identifierhttp://dspace.nm-aist.ac.tz/handle/20.500.12479/1273
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/94363
dc.languageen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.subjectRainwater harvesting
dc.subjectSeawater intrusion
dc.subjectSustainable development
dc.subjectZero-valent iron
dc.subjectWater quality
dc.titleApplication of the Kilimanjaro Concept in Reversing Seawater Intrusion and Securing Water Supply in Zanzibar, Tanzania
dc.typeArticle

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