Thin layer chromatographic method for detection of conventional drug adulterants in herbal products

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dc.creatorMwankuna, Christopher Johnson
dc.creatorMariki, Eliapenda Elisante
dc.creatorMabiki, Faith Philemon
dc.creatorMalebo, Hamisi Masanja
dc.creatorStyrishave, Bjarne
dc.creatorMdegela, Robinson Hammerton
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-24T11:49:01Z
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-05T07:11:05Z
dc.date.available2023-07-24T11:49:01Z
dc.date.created2023-07-24T11:49:01Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.description.abstractCommercially available conventional drugs have been used to adulterate herbal products. Considering the rapid growth of herbal products’ market, it is essential to screen herbal products for the presence of conventional drugs. Simple analytical methods are needed for the rapid screening of conventional drugs that are likely to be adulterated in herbal products. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) methods for screening twelve conventional drugs in herbal products have been developed and applied. The analytes were extracted from herbal products using acetonitrile:methanol:acetic acid:water (4:4:1:1, v/v). Solvent mixture of dichloromethane:ethyl acetate:methanol (75:15:10, v/v) separated well trimethoprim, sildenafil, paracetamol, and sulfamethoxazole while pyrimethamine, metronidazole, and sulfadoxine were well separated by dichloromethane:ethyl acetate:methanol (77.5:12.5:10, v/v). In addition, acetyl salicylic acid, ibuprofen, diclofenac, quinine, and lumefantrine were well separated by ethyl acetate:methanol:30% ammonia (75:22.5:2.5, v/v). Chromatographic separations were found to be highly reproducible, and more than 10 samples can be analysed in one run. The method was applied in the screening of 229 herbal products. Consequently, 24.0% of the samples contained one adulterant, while 21.4% contained at least two adulterants. All conventional drugs detected in herbal products were not mentioned on the labels and therefore the consumers are kept unaware of their side effects and health problems. Further studies for confirming and quantitatively determining the adulterants in a wide range of products as well as a systematic toxicological analysis of the adulterants in herbal products are recommended.
dc.identifierwankuna, C.J.; Mariki, E.E.; Mabiki, F.P.; Malebo, H.M.; Styrishave, B.; Mdegela, R.H. Thin Layer Chromatographic Method for Detection of Conventional Drug Adulterants in Herbal Products. Separations 2023, 10, 23.
dc.identifierhttp://www.suaire.sua.ac.tz/handle/123456789/5454
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.costech.or.tz/handle/20.500.14732/96135
dc.languageen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.subjectAdulteration
dc.subjectHerbal drugs
dc.subjectSynthetic drugs
dc.subjectHerbal medicines
dc.titleThin layer chromatographic method for detection of conventional drug adulterants in herbal products
dc.typeArticle

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