Adequacy of micronutrient fortification in the mandatory fortified food vehicles in Tanzana
| dc.creator | Kiwango, Flavia Andrew | |
| dc.creator | Chacha, Musa | |
| dc.creator | Raymond, Jofrey | |
| dc.date | 2021-05-21T11:50:23Z | |
| dc.date | 2021-05-21T11:50:23Z | |
| dc.date | 2020-08-24 | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-10-25T09:20:39Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-10-25T09:20:39Z | |
| dc.description | This research article published by Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020 | |
| dc.description | Purpose This study aims to update the information on the current status of micronutrient fortification for iron, zinc, folic acid and vitamin A in mandatory fortified food vehicles such as cooking oil, wheat and maize flours in Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted in five regions to analyze the adequacy of micronutrient fortification in mandatory fortified food vehicles. Samples of fortified edible oil (n = 19), wheat flour (n = 12) and maize flour (n = 5) were sampled conveniently from local markets and supermarkets. Samples were analyzed for vitamins (vitamin A and folic acid) and mineral (iron and zinc) content using high-performance liquid chromatography and microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometer, respectively. Compliance acceptable ranges between the minimum and maximum levels for each nutrient were used as a basis for compliance. Findings The results showed that 83.3% and 80% of wheat and maize flour samples, respectively, complied with iron fortification standards (p = 0.05). Only 25% of wheat flour samples and 40% of maize flour samples were within the acceptable ranges for zinc fortification (p = 0.05). Nearly 17% and 20% of wheat and maize flour samples, respectively, were within the acceptable ranges for folic acid fortification (p = 0.05). Moreover, about 10.5% of the analyzed cooking oils were adequately fortified with vitamin A (p = 0.05). Except for iron in wheat and maize flours, the levels of other micronutrients in mandatorily fortified foods were out of acceptable ranges. Originality/value Mandatory fortification is still far from the established standards, and this calls for a review of the current fortification strategies regarding standards, training, monitoring and enforcement in Tanzania. | |
| dc.format | application/pdf | |
| dc.identifier | https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-04-2020-0141 | |
| dc.identifier | http://dspace.nm-aist.ac.tz/handle/20.500.12479/1181 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/95119 | |
| dc.language | en | |
| dc.publisher | Emerald Publishing Limited | |
| dc.subject | Mandatory fortification | |
| dc.subject | Micronutrients | |
| dc.subject | Fortification | |
| dc.title | Adequacy of micronutrient fortification in the mandatory fortified food vehicles in Tanzana | |
| dc.type | Article |