Adrenal insufficiency: A forgotten diagnosis in HIV/AIDS patients in developing countries

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dc.creatorNassoro, David D
dc.creatorMwakyula, Issakwisa Habakkuk
dc.creatorMkhoi, Mkhoi L
dc.creatorSabi, Issa
dc.creatorMerem, Alfred J.
dc.creatorLawal, Paul S
dc.date2020-09-02T06:49:24Z
dc.date2020-09-02T06:49:24Z
dc.date2019
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-20T14:01:39Z
dc.date.available2022-10-20T14:01:39Z
dc.descriptionFull-text article. Also available at https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2342857
dc.descriptionAdrenal insufficiency (AI) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in patients with HIV/AIDS, leading to high morbidity and mortality in HIV patients who become critically ill. Various etiologies are associated with the condition, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, lymphoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and drugs such as rifampin, among others. HIV patients with advanced disease develop relative cortisol deficiency largely due to the reduction of cortisol reserve, which predisposes patients to the adrenal crisis in periods of stress or critical illness. The prevalence of AI in HIV/AIDS patients during HAART era is higher in developing than developed countries, probably due to limited access to both diagnosis and adequate treatments which increases the risk of opportunistic infections. The clinical features of functional adrenal insufficiency in HIV/AIDS patients can be masked by various infectious, noninfectious, and iatrogenic causes, which reduce clinical recognition of the condition. Development of simple screening algorithms may help clinicians reach the diagnosis when approaching these patients. In many low-income countries, most HIV patients are diagnosed with advanced disease; thus, further research is necessary to elucidate the prevalence of adrenal insufficiency in HIV/AIDS patients and the condition’s impact on mortality in this population.
dc.identifierNassoro, D. D., Mkhoi, M. L., Sabi, I., Meremo, A. J., Lawala, P. S., & Mwakyula, I. H. (2019). Adrenal insufficiency: a forgotten diagnosis in HIV/AIDS patients in developing countries. International Journal of Endocrinology, 1-9.
dc.identifierDOI: 10.1155/2019/2342857
dc.identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12661/2462
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12661/2462
dc.languageen
dc.publisherHindawi
dc.subjectAdrenal insufficiency
dc.subjectHIV patients
dc.subjectHIV/AIDS Patients
dc.subjectEndocrine diseases
dc.subjectCortisol deficiency
dc.subjectHuman ImmunodeficiencyVirus
dc.subjectAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
dc.subjectHIV
dc.subjectAIDS
dc.subjectEndocrine diseases
dc.titleAdrenal insufficiency: A forgotten diagnosis in HIV/AIDS patients in developing countries
dc.typeArticle

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