A Dissertation submitted to Mzumbe University – Dar es Salaam Business School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Award of the Degree of Master of Business Administration Corporate Management(CM) of Mzumbe University. 2014The purpose of this study was to identify and determine the risk factors contributing to the persistence of malnutrition among children under the age of 5 years in Kibaha District Council. Across sectional study was conducted. The respondents were parents/caretakers and health workers. The Sample consisted of 40 Health workers (n=40), and 60parents/Caretakers(n=60) recruited concurrently among the under-five children attending Kibaha Reproductive and Child Health Clinic on a monthly basis. Data collection was done using a combination of a review of records (child clinic registers and child clinic cards), interviews; observations and structured questionnaires. Factors that were found to be significantly associated with the persistence of under fives malnutrition were; level of education of the parents, marital status, sex and age of the parents and care takers. However clinic cards and registers revealed that low birth weight and inadequate Vitamin A supplementation were highly associated with malnutrition. Other findings from this study suggest that Socio-economic factors such as unemployment, poverty, inadequate parents/caretakers knowledge about recommended infant and child feeding practices, the child raised by a guardian, and child illness are the predictors of malnutrition in under fives. Therefore increasing household food security and reinforcing nutrition education interventions to parents/caretakers and health workers could contribute to a reduction in the prevalence of child malnutrition in the district.