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This study aimed at assessing the involvement of informal sector in social security in Tanzania. The study strived to achieve the following specific objectives; to analyses the trend of informal sector in Tanzania, to assess the factors affecting informal sector engagement in social security in Tanzania and to determine the extent of engagement of informal sector in social health insurance scheme and pension scheme.The study is descriptive research in nature and used cross sectional research design to collect useful data. The study used mixed research approach which is the combination of both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The study used purposive and convenience sampling to get 51 respondents and those are; NSSF employees which included 10 heads of departments and those are 2 Managers of Operations departments, 2 managers of Finance department, 2 managers of Actuarial and risk management, 2 managers of Marketing and public relations department and 2 managers of Human resource and administration department and 1 director of operations as well as some members of informal sector, that 10 Bajaj drivers, 10 Barbers and 10 Motorcycles drivers famous known as Bodaboda drivers and10 Mamalishe. The study collected information by using questionnaires and analyses them by using SPSS Version 16.0 for quantitative data used content analysis to analyze qualitative data.
The study found that there is growing trend of informal sector in Tanzania, the study found that there low number of informal social employees to the social security fund, the study found that there are poor working contract of the informal sector employees which challenges them to join social security fund, The study found that informal sector engagement in social security in Tanzania is affected by various challenges such as; Poor awareness to informal sector about social security, Complications in submitting contributions, Disorganized systems of contribution from informal sector employer, Low education among them, Lack of permanent location of their business, Lack of good government policies to support them, Lack of information concerning the fund, Lack of enough income, High charges and Complicated joining requirements. Those challenges to a large extent make it difficult for the informal sector to join social security funds. The study found that the current social security policy are not capable of solving challenges facing informal sector to join social security funds and the study found that there is low extent of engagement of informal sector in social health insurance benefit and pension scheme.
The study recommends that, the government should make sure that there is clear policy formulation and implementation to address the challenges facing informal sector from joining social security fund. The government should have frequent supervision and monitoring to make sure that the informal sector employer’s signs sound contracts with the employees. The NSSF should create conducive environment by providing awareness campaign to the informal sector through brochures, fliers and radio and television advertisement which would provide education and information about the fund’s registration procedures, payments of contribution, investment of funds as well as benefits of joining the fund and qualifying conditions. The current social security policy should be revised by incorporating the members of informal sector as well as other stakeholders and ensure that all the presented challenges are fine addressed. |
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