This article aims to provide input into the ongoing deliberations on the enactment on a new Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, to replace the existing one that was enacted in 1977. Its main objectives are two-folds: First is to inform stakeholders and raise their awareness on aspects of relationship between decentralization of natural resources management and constitution to enable them to contribute effectively in ongoing constitutional law making process and related discussions. Second is establish a foundation upon which the legal basis for the entrenchment of provisions on decentralization of natural resources management could be adequately addressed in the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania. The paper is confined to mainland Tanzania. It does not address Zanzibar , which would require a separate study given the nature of the union and the complexity surrounding the natural resources management in each part of the Union.