The study on which the manuscript is based assessed the extent to which household assets varied in urban, peri-urban and rural areas. In addition, it determined the relationship between ownership of assets in a household and its food access security. A cross-sectional research design was employed, and a three-stage sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 279 households from Morogoro and Iringa. Primary data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was carried out to examine the extent to which household assets varied in urban, peri-urban and rural locations. Econometric analysis was used to assess the influence of household assets on food access security. Descriptively, the results show that ownership of assets varied significantly among households located in places regarded as urban, peri-urban and rural. 90 In addition, binary logistic regression model results show that a household head’s education (β = 0.213; p ≤ 0.01) and number of household members earning income (β = 1.115; p ≤ 0.05) had a positive and significant effect on a household’s food access security. On the other hand, household size (β = -0.408; p ≤ 0.05), proportion of consumption expenditure on food (β = -0.151; p ≤ 0.001) and dependence on donations (β = -3.770; p ≤ 0.01) had a negative effect on a household’s food access security. It can be concluded that the household’s asset ownership vary greatly in urban, peri-urban and rural areas. Moreover, food access security tends to improve as a household head’s education and number of members earning income in a household increase. However, food access security worsens as household size, the proportion of consumption expenditure on food, and reliance on donations increase. Based on the conclusions it can be recommended that households should focus on things that improve their food access security and control those that weaken their food access security.